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Источник: [https://torrent-igruha.org/3551-portal.html]
X1,…,Xk) is the hazard rate for individuals with characteristics X1,…,Xk at time t, h0(t) the baseline hazard at time t, and βj, j = 1,…,k, are the estimated coefficients of the model.

Since the failure event in our analysis is the death of the individual, the baseline hazard of our model h0(t) is age, measured as time since the 50th birthday. It is assumed to follow a Gompertz distribution, defined as

h0(t) = exp(γt)exp(β0), 

(2)

where γ and β0 are ancillary parameters that control the shape of the baseline hazard. The Gompertz distribution, proposed by Benjamin Gompertz in 1825, has been widely used by demographers to model human mortality data. The exponentially increasing hazard of the Gompertz distribution is a useful approximation for ages between 30 and 95. For younger ages, mortality tends to differ from the exponential curve due to infant and accident mortality. For advanced ages, the increase in the risk of death tends to decelerate so that the Gompertz model overestimates mortality at these ages (Thatcher, Kannisto, and Vaupel 1998). I assume that the impact of this deceleration on my results is negligible because the number of married people over age 95 is extremely low.

The research plan was to test whether the age difference between the spouses affected both sexes in the same way. Therefore, all regression models were calculated for females and males separately. It should be noted that the male and female models do not necessarily include the same individuals. If both spouses are aged 50 or older, a couple is included in all models. If only the husband is 50 years or older, a couple is included only in the male models. Correspondingly, a couple is only included in the female models if the wife is 50 years or older and the husband is 49 years or younger.

RESULTS

In total, 1,845,956 married individuals aged 50 and older are included in the data set; 958,997 of them are male, 886,959 female. The distribution of all persons in the data set by age gap to the spouse is presented in Figure 2. It shows that most men are between two and three years older than their wives, while most women are two years younger than their husbands.

Approximately 75% of all married men aged 50 and over are married to women who are more than one year younger than themselves; only 10% of all men are at least one year younger than their wives. In contrast, the majority of married women (65%) aged 50 years and over are married to men who are older than themselves, and only 15% have a spouse who is more than one year younger.

Table 2 gives descriptive information on all covariates. It shows the distribution of time at risk measured in days for men and women. In total, I observed 3,271 million person-days for men and 2,907 million person-days for women. The proportion of missing information is highest for duration of marriage. This is because the date of marriage is unknown for all couples who married before January 1, 1990. These couples were assigned to the category unknown for 1,000 days when entering the study population and to the category ≥ 1,000 days thereafter. A large number of missing values is also found for the variables highest achieved education and highest achieved education of the spouse, with the proportion missing data increasing for older cohorts. I find no indication that this effect influenced the outcome of the regression models.

Table 2.

Distribution of Time at Risk for Men and Women

CovariateMenWomen
Duration of Marriage
  Unknown15.9215.76
  < 1,000 days1.551.16
  ≥ 1,000 days82.5383.08
  All100.00100.00
Period
  1990–199429.3729.09
  1995–199931.1931.10
  2000–200539.4439.81
  All100.00100.00
Highest Achieved Education
  Low32.4248.12
  Medium37.3128.55
  High16.8013.28
  Unknown13.4710.05
  All100.00100.00
Wealth in Danish Krones
  < 017.5718.12
  > 0 and ≤ 100,00017.5344.09
  > 100,00064.4730.81
  0 or Unknown0.436.98
  All100.00100.00
Highest Achieved Education of the Spouse
  Low47.1532.21
  Medium29.5735.98
  High14.1716.10
  Unknown9.1215.71
  All100.00100.00
Residential Area
  Copenhagen84.8184.47
  Remaining Denmark15.1915.53
  All100.00100.00
Citizenship
  Danish98.4098.41
  Non-Danish1.601.59
  All100.00100.00

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In the following paragraphs, I present the results of four estimated hazard regression models. For men, the relative risk of dying by the age gap to the spouse and the standard errors of the fourth model are shown in Figure 3. The corresponding results for women are shown in Figure 4. Both figures consist of four separate curves showing the relative risk of dying by age gap to the spouse. The reference category, represented by a dotted vertical line, includes all persons who are less than one year younger or older than their spouses. The part of each curve to the left of the reference category relates to individuals with older spouses, the right part relates to individuals with younger spouses. I show only the standard errors of the fourth model because they were virtually the same for all four models. For both sexes, the results of the additional covariates are presented in Table 3.

Table 3.

Effect of the Additional Covariates on the Hazard of Mortality

CovariateMen
Women
Model 2Model 3Model 4Model 2Model 3Model 4
Duration of Marriage
  Unknown0.78*** (0.018)0.78*** (0.018)0.76*** (0.018)0.79*** (0.029)0.74*** (0.028)0.75*** (0.028)
  < 1,000 days111111
  ≥ 1,000 days0.77*** (0.017)0.89*** (0.020)0.87*** (0.020)0.80*** (0.029)0.79*** (0.028)0.80*** (0.029)
Period
  1990–19941.09*** (0.007)1.07*** (0.007)1.07*** (0.007)1.07*** (0.010)1.00 (0.010)1.00 (0.010)
  1995–1999111111
  2000–20050.85*** (0.004)0.86*** (0.005)0.86*** (0.005)0.87*** (0.006)0.95*** (0.007)0.95*** (0.007)
Highest Achieved Education
  Low1.07*** (0.007)1.04*** (0.007)1.13*** (0.010)1.12*** (0.011)
  Medium1111
  High0.83*** (0.007)0.87*** (0.008)0.86*** (0.013)0.89*** (0.014)
Wealth
  Low1.39*** (0.010)1.39*** (0.010)1.18*** (0.012)1.18*** (0.012)
  Medium11
  High0.58*** (0.003)0.57*** (0.003)0.64*** (0.005)0.64*** (0.005)
Highest Achieved Education of the Spouse
  Low1.08*** (0.007)1.05*** (0.010)
  Medium11
  High0.88*** (0.009)0.91*** (0.012)
Residential Area
  Copenhagen0.97*** (0.005)1.12*** (0.009)
  Remaining Denmark11
Citizenship
  Danish1.29*** (0.028)1.19*** (0.038)
  Non-Danish11
Constant–16.34–16.52–16.79–16.56–16.52–16.70
Gamma0.000280.000290.000300.000270.000270.00027

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As a first step, I estimated a model (Model 1) that allowed me to replicate the results of previous studies by including age gap to the spouse as sole covariate. Thus, this model controls only for the age of the target person and age gap to the spouse.

Figure 3 shows that the risk of dying in men decreases as the age gap increases. The younger the wife is compared with her spouse, the lower the mortality of the husband; the older the wife is compared with her spouse, the higher the mortality of the husband. Compared with the reference category, an excess mortality of more than 30% can be found in married men who are more than 7 years but less than 17 years younger than their wives. Married men who are more than 15 years but less than 17 years older have a chance of dying that is 4% lower.

Figure 4 shows that, similar to that of men, female mortality is higher if the wife is younger than her husband. Women who are more than 7 years but less than 17 years younger have an excess mortality of about 10%. In contrast to the pattern for men, women also have an elevated risk of dying when they are older than their spouses. Compared with the reference category, an excess mortality of 40% is observed in women who are more than 15 years but less than 17 years older than their spouses. The lowest risk of dying is found in women who are about the same age as their husbands, which is the reference category.

These first results provide strong evidence that the age difference between the spouses affects individual survival chances. It also shows that the effects are substantially different between the sexes. Next, in Models 2, 3, and 4, I examine the impact of the age gap to the spouse in the presence of additional covariates.

Previous research had no information on the duration of marriage, which could lead to a possible selection bias. Model 2, which includes duration of marriage, allows me to test for the confounding effect of duration of marriage. A comparison of the coefficient for the age gap to the spouse in Model 1 and Model 2 shows that including the measure of marriage duration does not change the coefficients for the age gap to the spouse, suggesting that duration of marriage does not account for the mortality differences of age-discrepant marriages. In results not shown here, I tested an additional model that included an interaction between age gap to the spouse and duration of marriage. None of the combinations between the two variables were statistically significant (at the .01 level).

In Model 3 of Table 3, I test the hypothesis that socioeconomic status affects the mortality differentials by the age gap to the spouse. This model includes measures of the target person’s highest educational degree and wealth as well as the variables already included in Model 2. The results show that both socioeconomic variables are important predictors of survival differences. Individuals with low education or low wealth face higher mortality rates. Comparing the relative risk by age gap to the spouse in Model 3 with the relative risk by age gap to the spouse in Model 2 reveals that holding the socioeconomic variables constant changes the effects for both sexes. For men, adding these measures to the model reduces the relative risk of dying when they are younger than their wives, but it increases the survival advantage when they are older than their wives. For women, adding measures of socioeconomic status has virtually no impact when they are younger than their husbands but slightly increases the chance of dying when they are older than their husbands. In results not shown here, I tested another model that included an interaction between the socioeconomic variables and the age gap to the spouse. One of the combinations was statistically significant (at the .01 level): men with high wealth and who are older than their wives experienced a significantly elevated risk of dying of about 5%. All remaining combinations between the variables were not statistically significant (at the .01 level).

Finally, I investigate the effect of the remaining variables residential area, citizenship, and highest achieved education of the spouse, which are introduced into the analysis in Model 4 of Table 3. In this model, I wanted to test the assumption that cultural differences and social norms—represented by the two variables residential area and citizenship—account for some of the differences in the hazard of mortality by the age gap to the spouse. Again, comparing the relative risk by age gap to the spouse in Model 4 with the relative risk by age gap to the spouse in Model 3 reveals differences by sex. For men, the hazard of mortality increases when they are younger than their wives and decreases further when they are older than their wives. In contrast, the hazard of mortality for women does not change for women who are younger than their husbands but decreases considerably for women who are older than their husbands.

DISCUSSION

The present study addresses an underdeveloped research area. Using Danish population data, I used hazard regression methods to exploit 15 years of age-specific data to investigate the effect of the age difference between the spouses on the individual’s survival. I showed for the first time that survival differences by age gap to the partner are not limited to extreme cases but are statistically significant for small age differences. Individuals who are about one to three years older than their spouses have a significantly different survival rate than individuals who are up to one year older or younger than their spouses.

My hypothesis that the effect would be the same in men and women receives no support from these analyses. My results suggest that having a younger spouse is beneficial for men but detrimental for women. It also shows that controlling for additional covariates affects the pattern for men substantially, while it has very little effect for women. The first possible reason for sex differences could be differences in health selection. The selection hypothesis argues that healthier individuals are able to attract younger partners. Therefore, married people who are older than their spouses should experience a lower mortality. It was also proposed in the literature that a younger spouse is somehow beneficial in terms of health care support as well as in some positive psychological and sociological ways. Both arguments should hold for both sexes similarly. The sex differences could indicate that health selection is weaker in women. Women are much less likely to marry a younger husband, which suggests that exceptionally healthy women are less able than their male counterparts to attract a younger partner. However, future analysis should include health indicators to investigate the pathway of a possible health selection in more detail.

A second reason for sex differences by age differences to the spouse is related to social support. A large body of research has found that women have generally more social contacts than men. This suggests that women are probably less dependent on the health support and social support of a younger spouse than are men, which means that a younger spouse would be less beneficial for women’s survival than for the survival of men.

In most marriages, men are older than their wives. Given my results, this composition favors men. Thus, the age gap between the spouses may in part explain why marriage is more beneficial for men than for women. My results also suggest that the possible selection bias caused by an insufficient length of partnership is of no importance in explaining the effects of the survival differences by the age gap to the spouse.

Previous research has suggested that selection and discrepancy from the social norm cause the mortality difference by the age gap to the spouse. This explanation was proposed in the 1970s, when social norms for mating behavior in general and especially for the age difference between partners were probably much stronger than today. My investigation supports this explanation for men but not for women. If social norms for the age gap to the spouse were the driving force of the observed mortality differentials, female mortality could be assumed to be lowest at ages where women are a few years younger than their spouses. Here, I find that mortality in women is lowest when a woman is the same age as her husband and increases with increasing age discrepancy.

I extend previous research of this area in several aspects. First, I apply a longitudinal approach. By using the Danish registers, it is possible to track all individuals from the date of their marriage until their date of death and to incorporate all life events—such as the death of the spouse, a divorce, or a remarriage—into the analysis of events within the observed period. The longitudinal approach avoids some of the drawbacks of earlier studies.

Another limitation of previous research that I overcame in this study is the age grouping into five-year age groups. Because of the age grouping in earlier studies, each of the spouse-age-difference intervals covered an eight-year period. Spouses who were stated as being in the same age group could differ plus or minus four years, while the difference for an individual who is married to a spouse in the neighboring age group varies from one to nine years. Thus, the age groups are not only wide but also overlapping. In my data set, the exact date of birth is known for every individual; thus, age and the age gap to the spouse are measured in days.

A further extension of previous research is also related to the data set. My study uses population data/register data, not samples as were used in previous research, to test these hypotheses. I was thus able to avoid many problems related to sampling methods while substantially increasing the statistical power.

It can be concluded that the driving force of the observed mortality differences by the age gap to the spouse remain unclear. Further research is necessary using models that test for additional multiplicative effects as well as for unobserved heterogeneity. A short coming of this study is that it does not include any behavioral or psychological aspects of the married couple because the data came from administrative registers. Future research should point in this direction as it is assumed to be of importance to account better for social values and norms as well as certain behavioral aspects.

Further research directions are of possible interest. In general, the age gap to the partner should affect the survival chances of members in all kinds of longtime partnerships between two individuals. Due to data limitations, studies, including the present one, have had to focus on married couples exclusively. In a next step, it might be of interest to know whether the effects of the age gap to the partner can also be observed in longtime cohabiting couples or other kinds of partnerships, especially in same-sex couples. The Danish data that are now available permit such analyses.

Acknowledgments

This work was conducted at the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock. I would also like to thank the Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense. I am especially grateful to James W. Vaupel for his support and guidance and Heiner Maier for his helpful comments on this manuscript. A previous version of this manuscript was presented at the 2008 annual meeting of the Population Association of America in New Orleans, LA.

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Articles from Demography are provided here courtesy of The Population Association of America


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Why are older men looking at women half their age?

It’s been a week of gloomy thoughts about what one applicant called “the packaging”. In fact, he wasn’t an applicant. He wrote specifically to tell me he wasn’t. “It’s a shame I don’t fancy you,” he said, “because otherwise you tick all the boxes.” Another said I sounded nice, but added: “Though unfortunately I have stringent physical criteria.”

There seems to be a gender imbalance, vis-a-vis the packaging thing. All the women I know are tolerant of middle age showing itself in a chap. We quite like a late flowering, in fact: the silvering, the smile lines, the coming of bodily sturdiness. We read these as signs that life has been lived and enjoyed. We read them as indicators of substance, of being substantial. In general, men don’t seem to grant us the same courtesy, at least not the men I meet online. They are highly focused on the packaging. It’s disheartening.

“I bet you were gorgeous when you were young,” I was told recently, via message, like that was supposed to be a compliment. Yes, I was gorgeous, ish, for a while, and self-absorbed, and shallow, and inexperienced, and over-sensitive and dull. You’re right, mate, you’d have much preferred me then.

I’ve been thinking a lot about this. What does it mean to us, as women, to be told that we’re worth less than we used to be? No man I know has ever been told that his powers, his allure, his charm have faded, and that he has to face up to that redundancy. Many women I know in their 50s talk about their invisibility in public places. I’m sure a case could be made for invisibility as a liberating force in a woman’s life, but I am not the woman to make it, not this week at least, when I’ve been dissed or else flatly ignored by all the men I’ve said hello to.

It’s making me a bit rebellious, I admit. It’s making me want to look 50, and talk about 50, and stand firm with a whole movement of women, rejecting the pressure to try to look 35 for ever, throwing away our foundation garments and hair dye. I get these impulses and then I buy another stupid snake-oil anti-ageing cream.

It’s true that men don’t see me any more. It’s sobering to walk down the street observing how the 50-year-old men behave, paying attention to what they’re looking at as they stroll along. They are not looking in shop windows. They are not looking at me. They are looking at women half their age.

I spoke to my friend Jack about this.

“Men online are the same,” I told him. “They say they’re after true love but really what they’re after is the 25-year-olds.”

“Maybe they think they can have both,” Jack said.

“You’re not like that, though, are you? Given a choice, you’d pick the older, more interesting woman, the passionate, well-read, intrepid, low-maintenance woman.”

“Nice of you to think so,” Jack said. “But I’d go for the firm arse and tits, always, without question.”

I expressed mild disgust.

“You just have to face facts,” he said. “Men are extremely visual creatures; we respond visually and we can’t help it. Well, we could probably help it, but we don’t want to. Online dating is giving these idiots the impression that they can snag a honey. Most of them have no chance, of course. Don’t you look at the 25-year-old men in the street?”

‘I don’t. Honestly. They have mothers of my age, so it’d be like randily pursuing the children of your friends. There’s something inherently unsexy about that whole set-up.”

“Sexy as hell.”

“It’s the 55-year-old, slightly rumpled silver foxes that I stare at, the tall well-travelled well-used ones. But they don’t see me.”

“Perhaps you should wear brighter colours.”

I looked down at myself. “I like navy blue. What’s wrong with navy blue?”

“These are just facts. Men like youth. They like long hair. They like colour. They like slender, as well. Sorry. You’re going to have to lose weight and grow your hair and wear red if you want the silver foxes to see you.”

The question is, should I be prepared to change?

Stella Grey is a pseudonym

@GreyStellaGrey

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What Do Older Men Want When it Comes to Senior Dating? You Might be Surprised!

As our generation gets a little older, a surprising number of us are putting on our dancing shoes and getting back in the senior dating game. After all, more women over 60 are single than ever before, whether that’s due to divorce or widowhood or just never having been married in the first place.

As part of this singleton trend, more women over 60 are looking to meet men in their age group – but dating is different after 60 than it was in our younger years. Many single women over 50 are simply asking, “Where are all the older single men?”

See also: our list of the 5 best senior dating websites.

It is a sad fact of life that men tend not to live as long as women, and as a result, many countries have significantly more women than men above the age of 65.

“On average, women live longer than men – this is true for every country in the world. This fact plays an important role in how the sex ratio changes with age through adulthood. But as we move through adulthood, we see that this ratio is lower and lower. For 50-year-olds the ratio is close to 1-to-1; for 70-year-olds there are only 89 males per 100 females; and in the very oldest age bracket (100-year-olds) there are only 25 men per 100 women.” —Our World in Data

Many women have been hurt or disappointed by relationships in their lives and are a little afraid to actively participate in looking for love. However, if you really want to find someone special, you have to make an effort – you really have to want to find a quality relationship!

Check out this interview I did for the Sixty and Me Show with dating coach Lisa Copeland. We discuss what is different about dating after 60 and how men and women our age often want different things from life, having different emotional needs and in many ways speaking a “different language.”

You might need to re-learn how to flirt with men, how to make a man feel good about himself, and how to present your most confident and alluring self in the dating world.

Lisa reinforces that dating is a numbers game. You really cannot give up after just a few dates, that you have to relax, meet lots of guys, and enjoy the process. It is meant to be fun!

This doesn’t mean you have to feel pressure! Senior dating should be fun, not stressful. The stakes of dating are not as high at this part of our life.

We’re not necessarily trying to find someone to marry and live with for decades. Many of us are looking for a companion or a friend or even a no-strings-attached lover.

Fortunately, in some ways, there has never been a better time for women over 60 to be in the dating world. The rise of divorce among “silver splitters” means there are more single older men – and there might be more great guys out there than you might expect at first glance, especially if you give them a chance.

It might help to know what men say they are looking for in a woman. Both dating coaches I have interviewed agree with this assessment. As we get older, the things we want out of life often change, and we have less time to play games and be superficial – this is a good thing!

But it still helps to know about the emotional languages and occasional disconnects that come up between older men and women. Here is some advice on what you can do to be interesting to older men:

Take Pride in Your Appearance

This doesn’t mean you need to look “20 years old.” It just means that men should find something alluring about you.

Take Good Care of Yourself

Of course, you might not be the same size and weight that you were when you were 30 years younger, but if you eat well and get regular exercise, it shows. Unsure where to start with exercise? Why not try Pilates.

Smile

Women who make themselves approachable by smiling and appearing to have a friendly and enthusiastic personality are much more attractive to older men.

Make Him Feel Like a Man

Don’t expect older men to be “women in men’s clothing.” Men our age often have a preoccupation with their own interests and masculinity.

Don’t Play Games

Honesty and respect is important, with no drama and no games.

Don’t Be Too Serious

Try to relax and seek out companionship based on shared values and common interests. Older men tend to prefer women with a good sense of humor. If you’ve got one, use it.

Be Yourself

Trying to fit a mold or to fit the standards of what men want in a woman can get exhausting. Men will sense that you are not being true to yourself when you go on a date. They may get a sense of falseness about you and that can be a turn off.

Don’t boast and try to sell yourself on a first date either – it isn’t an interview. Let your natural personality shine because that is when we are the most beautiful… when we are being true to ourselves and to the world.

Leave Your Baggage Behind

We know everyone’s got baggage at our age. We all have exes (maybe a few), possibly some children, and lots of experiences that shape our views.

Bringing up your ex and your past relationships too much can make you look resentful. This being said, don’t hide anything or keep your past a mystery either. Also, men may feel like they are being compared to your ex.

Know What You Want

If you’re getting ready to start dating after 50, be sure you know what you want from a man – what makes him “special”?

Also, give some thought to your non-negotiable “deal breakers” – the things that absolutely make you not want to date a man – but ask yourself how many of these things are truly non-negotiable, and which things are really not that important.

Try not to set too many conditions on a new relationship and be open-minded about what you might consider the “ideal” man or perfect relationship.

What are your thoughts on senior dating? Have you had any luck with dating after 50? What tips would you like to share with the other women in our community? Please add your thoughts in the comments section below.

Источник: [https://torrent-igruha.org/3551-portal.html]

How to Date in Your 70s

Photo: Robert Nicholas/Getty Images

Staring down the profile page on the dating site, MeetMindful, I’m simultaneously refereeing a debate in my head. Who wouldn’t want to date a sexy, smart, sophisticated woman? I ask myself as I post a smiling photo. An older woman’s nagging voice counters, “Who would find a graying, gluten-free grandmother desirable?” Even though my Jewish mother died at 87 in 2005, before my silver strands emerged, my diet narrowed, and my marriage failed, I can still compose her lines in our script. I learned self-criticism along with my times tables.

Who doesn’t carry conscious or unconscious messages that inhibit our behavior? In spite of mine, I returned to online dating at 70 last month with a new mission and a new attitude. This is my second go-round in the world of virtual match-making. I no longer need to prove myself lovable. I am and I know it. My biological clock is still ticking, but not in the same way it did in my 20s. This time the sweep hand says, “Enjoy every minute!” Now it’s more Cyndi Lauper’s Girls Just Want to Have Fun and less Etta James’s At Last.

For over six years, I’d been seeing a man named Mike whom I met on Match.com in February, 2012. “Do you know how desirable you are?” he asked me on our third date. We had kissed for the first time while seated on a wooden bench overlooking Compo Beach in Westport. I shook my head. No one had ever said something like that to me before. So began an intimate and satisfying affair.

And then it was over. My desire had grown stronger while his flickered.

When I returned to the virtual world of courtship this time, I saw that it had expanded exponentially since 2012. To narrow the field, I asked single women and newly coupled friends which apps worked best for them. Based on that feedback I invested a few hundred dollars and enrolled in MeetMindful, OKCupid and Bumble. I tried the age-appropriate SilverSingles briefly, but felt it attracted too conservative a population. I rejected Match this go-round for fear Mike would see me on it. Of course, if he were there looking, why shouldn’t I be? But a catch in my belly made me resist.

I’d once shielded from digital exposure by a long-term marriage; after we split up, I’d avoided learning about this high-tech universe until being alone grew more painful than going online. I had to learn how to attract my ideal mate by crafting an inviting profile and uploading photos of myself.

For anyone just starting the online dating process, regard the undertaking less like a quick homework assignment and more like a term paper. Comparing notes with a like-minded and similarly engaged friend can help you leap the hurdle that this is how it’s done in 2019. My divorced friend and co-conspirator Sandy validated my wonder at men who posted photos of themselves in sunglasses and wide-brimmed hats, astride Harleys, or posed with their mothers.

If you’d prefer that Yenta, the matchmaker, do the footwork, there are sites where you pay for that service, one for as much as $50,000 where a team of pros does the research. But you still have to be clear about who you are and what you’re looking for.

I’d heard of Tinder, but was nervous about it. “It’s for hook-ups, Jane,” a friend advised me. Still, wanting to be hip, I tried the more female-friendly version called Bumble, where nothing happens until the woman sweeps her finger eastward first. Once she has right-swiped, an interested male can continue the interaction and move the dialogue forward.

After performing that next-step motion one evening, an attractive Manhattan man responded with an immediate ‘like’ and the message, “Where r u now?”

I read that as “Let’s have sex tonight!” though that may not have been his intention. I’m too new at the swiping thing to know the protocol. Nonetheless, I panicked and hit BLOCK. I was not looking for a hook-up. What must he think of me? What was I now thinking of myself? Sex, yes! But let’s establish some affection for each other first, please.

On one of my non-swiping platforms I received a message from Joe, who listed himself as 73. He invited me through the site’s intra-mail system to give him a call. Courteous men offer their number which allows the woman to dial anonymously if she chooses. She can phone from an unidentifiable number or press *69 to block a snoopy candidate.

“I love where I live!” Joe boasted during our chat. “I’m served three meals a day here.” I deduced that home was an assisted-living facility. That and details of his recent leg surgeries substantiated my hunch that Joe may be older than his posted age.

Even though nothing during our conversation invited me in, I didn’t say no to a dinner invitation.

“Choose a restaurant near you that you like,” he offered.

“Thank-you! Once I make the reservation, may I text you the address?” I asked.

“No, call me. I’m old-fashioned and still use a flip phone.”

Mindful that I was born with the judgmental gene, not having a smartphone in today’s world was a deal-breaker for me unless you’re Thich Nhat Hanh.

A relationship coach provided me with the all-important four-letter exit strategy for moving on. “Next!” is the mantra she taught and I adopted.

I used the intra-mail system to break the date with Joe. “Still feeling raw after my break-up,” I lied.

“He may be your last chance,” Mom whispered.

I logged onto one of my other sites the next day and saw a surprising message from Flip-Phone-Joe who’d found me there. “Not that raw I see…”

I swallowed hard and blocked him.

I’ve had a few afternoon outings, several phone calls, and lots of email exchanges. They’re all good practice, and I’m not discouraged.

I spend time on my sites almost every day. I’m not sure where this will lead me, but I’m committed to the process. I trust that there will be one man in a hundred who will be my match. I’m up to No. 16 at the moment. That includes every man I’ve had an in-person date with, a phone call, or a written exchange that was more than a reciprocated wink.

I’m confident that by the time I reach Man No. 47 or No. 63, I will feel a true connection, notice the heat and progress to a new romance. My job is to keep showing up, to continue to respond with grace and dignity and to allow the numbers to do their job.

Personal growth work keeps my attitude positive as I share with good friends about being ghosted — a connection gone dark — and ghosting — my own bowing out of an ongoing conversation for inexplicable reasons.

I often spot men and women on the subway speed-thumbing texts and swiping with abandon, though I prefer to conduct my romantic searching in the privacy of my own home and the convenience of a full keyboard and ten fingers to speak with.

“Who’s the old one now?” Mom inquires.

“Thanks so much for your input,” I respond, “but I’ve got this. You can go back to your matzah balls now.”

It’s Complicated: How to Date in Your 70sИсточник: [https://torrent-igruha.org/3551-portal.html]

Pregnancy over age 50

Age of mother Date Mother Father Nature of conception Country Notes 50 years 1865 Ann BarlowUnidentified Mitchell (her husband) Natural conception United Kingdom According to family records - Gave birth to Mary Mitchell at the age of 50 in 1865.[16] 50 years 1847 Christina Potts MooreWilliam Moore (her husband) Natural conception United States According to family records - Gave birth to Samuel Hensell Moore at the age of 50 in 1847.[citation needed] 50 years 1858 Catherine Elizabeth Rowe DibbleIsaac Dibble, her husband Natural conception United States According to birth certificates, Catherine Elizabeth Rowe Dibble, the daughter of German Andrew Raue, gave birth to Julia Rowe at age 50, in Greensburg, PA.[citation needed] 50 years 1960 Mrs. L.Her husband Natural conception USSR The 'Book of Records of Ukraine. Man and Society. In the world of science and technology' by Matsenko G.O., reports, at page 18, the case of Mrs. L., a resident of Pidvolochysk, Ternopil oblast, south-east of the country, happy to have had a baby at age 50.[17] 50 years July 1996 Judy BershakDavid Cook, her 31-year-old husband, General Attorney Assistant of California IVF with oocytes donation United States Judy Bershak of Los Angeles, California, gave birth to her first child, daughter Sarah, in 1996 at the age of 50. Bershak got married at the age of 44, and after failing in conceiving naturally and adopting, she went through IVF treatment with oocyte donation and became pregnant after first attempt.[18] 50 years February 1997 Cheryl FillippiniRobert Fillippini, her 49-year-old husband IVF United States Cheryl Fillippini of Lompoc, California, gave birth to quadruplets, three girls, Rebekah, Amanda, and Sydney, and a boy, Robert, on February 20, 1997, by Caesarean section, in Santa Barbara, at the age of 50, after IVF treatment. Fillippini and her husband had 10 children altogether from their previous marriages, but wanted to have a child together.[19] 50 years April 2001 Tsuya OtakeHisatoshi Shiraishi, her husband Natural conception United States Tsuya Otake gave birth to a daughter, Ashima Shiraishi, who would become a world class rock climber.50 years 2005 Linda Mayotte D.M. 13-year-old adopted son from Kazakhstan Natural conception United 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman Linda Mayotte was convicted of rape of a child, under 14 and incest in 2016. After attempting to have biological children, the Mayottes decided to adopt 2 Kazak siblings in 2003. Starting in January, 2005, the defendant began initiating sexual contact with D.M.12-year-old boy including sexual intercourse.  According to D.M., sexual contact occurred more than one hundred times between January, 2005, and the spring of 2007. DNA test confirmed the baby is DM's.[21] 50 years May 2010 Heather Elizabeth ParisiUmberto Maria Anzolin, her 42-year-old third husband, contractor Natural conception Italy Heather Elizabeth Parisi, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, Italian-American singer and actress, already mother of two daughters of her previous unions, Rebecca Jewel Manenti, 16, and Jacqueline Lune di Giacomo, 10, gave birth on May 22, 2010, in Vicenza, Italy, to twins, a girl and a boy, Elizabeth Jaden and Dylan Maria, naturally conceived with her 42-year-old third husband contractor, Umberto Maria Anzolin.[22] 50 years June 2010 Svetlana KrupenikHer 62-year-old husband IVF Ukraine Svetlana Krupenik gave birth to a girl in Kyiv, Ukraine, in June 2010, at the age of 50, after IVF treatment. She and her 62-year-old husband were trying to conceive for 30 years.[23] 50 years August 2010 Aggie EzekielWilson Brown, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman son-in-law (gestational surrogate) Post-menopausal IVF Canada Aggie Ezekiel of Edmonton, Alberta, already a mother of three adult daughters with her husband Johnny Ezekiel, gave birth in August 2010 to her own granddaughter Clare at the age of 50 years and 9 months. She chose to act as a surrogate mother for her daughter, Tinna (age 28), who happened to be born without a uterus and had one of her ovaries removed at the age of 21. Aggie had been premenopausal for two years and could not produce the child herself, so she had to undergo fertilization hormone to boost her menstrual cycles so that the matrix can accommodate two to seven eggs retrieved by her daughter and fertilized in vitro with the sperm from 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman daughter's partner, Wilson Brown. One of the two implanted embryos happened to appear in a lateral position in Aggie's uterus as a result of which she delivered her granddaughter through caesarean section. The girl weighed 8.69 lb (3.94 kg) and did not breathe on her own. As a result, she was placed on an oxygen machine for an hour to clear her lungs.[24] Tinna and Wilson separated shortly before the birth of their daughter. The young biological mother decided to bring the child to Fort McMurray, 330 km north-east of Edmonton with her husband, Sean Noseworthy. 50 years January 2011 Seiko NodaHer partner IVF Japan Japanese politician Seiko Noda gave birth to a boy in Tokyo conceived through in vitro fertilization. After years of unsuccessful fertility treatments and several miscarriages, Noda decided to receive assistance from an American egg donor.[25] 50 years June 2011 Anthea NicholasPeter Byrnes, her 54-year-old husband Natural conception Australia Anthea Nicholas, from Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, is believed to be the oldest primigravida having naturally conceived in Australia. Anthea and her husband Peter were told in 2006 that they could not have children. As a result of a medical concern, in 2010, Peter researched and developed a personal diet and health regime which enabled him to return to perfect health and subsequently corrected a sperm imperfection, which, within months of his recovery, resulted in the completely unexpected pregnancy of Anthea, while she presented then clinical signs of menopause. Anthea gave birth to her son, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, Nicholas Jay, on June 15, 2011.[26][27][28] 50 years December 2013 Tina MalonePaul Chase, her husband IVF United Kingdom English actress Tina Malone gave birth to a baby girl in December 2013 at the age of 50, after IVF treatment.[29] 50 years July 2015 Sophie B. HawkinsUnknown IVF United States American singer Sophie B. Hawkins gave birth to a baby girl named 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman Ballantine Hawkins on July new catholic dating site, 2015, at the age of 50, after IVF treatment.[30] 50 years January 2017 Janet JacksonWissam Al Mana, her husband Unknown United States [31] 50 years April 2018 Tammy DuckworthBryan Bowlsbey, her husband IVF United States American politician Tammy Duckworth gave birth to her second child, a girl named Maile, in April 2018, at the age of 50, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, after IVF treatment.[32][33] 50 years August 2018 Rachael HarrisChristian Hebel, her husband Natural conception United States [34] 50 years October 2018 Tracey BrittenSteven, her husband IVF United Kingdom Tracey Britten, 50, gave birth to twin girls, another baby girl and a boy via caesarean section in October 2018, after IVF treatment, becoming Britain's oldest mother of quadruplets.[35] 50 years December 2018 Michele HallJerry Hall, her husband Natural conception United States Michele Hall of Golden Gate, Florida, already a mother of 4, gave birth in December 2018 to a baby boy, Grayson Matthew, at the age of 50.[36] 51 years 1988 IrinaHer husband Natural conception Russia Irina had an accident at the age of 25 and was told by the doctors that she was unable to have children. Later she married, and after many years of marriage eventually became pregnant and gave birth to her only son at the age of 51 in 1988.[37] 51 years 1991 Edith JonesHer son-in-law (gestational surrogate) IVF with her daughter's oocytes (gestational surrogate) United Kingdom Edith Jones gave birth to her granddaughter in 1991, at the age of 51, acting as a surrogate mother for her daughter Suzanne Langston, who was born without a womb.[38] 51 years March 1997 Adrienne BarbeauBilly Van Zandt, her husband Natural conception United States American actress Adrienne Barbeau gave birth to twin sons, Walker Steven and William Dalton, on March 17, 1997, at the age of 51. After marrying Billy Van Zandt in 1992 she started trying to have a child, tried in vitro fertilization unsuccessfully, but later became pregnant naturally.[39] 51 years 2000 Elizabeth EdwardsJohn Edwards, her husband, former U.S. Senator and Vice Presential nominee IVF with oocytes donation supposed United States Elizabeth Edwards, wife of the former U.S. Senator and Vice Presidential nominee John Edwards, gave birth to son Jack in 2000 at the age of 51. The couple decided to have more children after one of their two children—a 16-year-old son—was killed in a car accident in 1996. Mrs. Edwards had also had a daughter, Emma Claire, at the age of 49. Some fertility experts believe she used donor's oocytes; Elizabeth Edwards remained silent on this question.[40] 51 years July 2001 UnidentifiedHer second husbandIVF with oocytes donation Ukraine 51-year-old woman gave birth to twins, a boy and a girl, in Kyiv, Ukraine in July 2001, after IVF treatment with oocytes donation. She decided to have children at such a late age after getting married for the second time.[41] 51 years November 2020 Julie Loving Her son-in-law (gestational surrogate) IVF with her daughter's oocytes (gestational surrogate) United States Julie Loving decided to step in and become a gestational surrogate for her daughter Breanna Lockwood, who is infertile.[42] 51 years August 2001 Morgan ZantuaGeorges Zantua, her 57-year-old second husband Natural conception United States Morgan Zantua, of Tacoma, Washington, gave birth to her first child, daughter Auriel, on August 1, 2001, in Los Angeles, at the age of 51. She was married a second time at age 44, had a miscarriage and decided not to try to have children, and then unexpectedly found out she was pregnant at age 51.[18] 51 years December 2006 Sarajean GrainsonDavid Grainson, her second husband, former priest IVF with oocytes donation United States Sarajean Grainson of Long Island, New York, gave birth to a son, Luke, in December 2006 at the age of 51, after IVF treatment with oocytes donation. Grainson and her second husband David, former priest, had twins, Matthew and David, in June 2008. Sarajean Grainson also had three adult children from her first marriage.[43] 51 years September 2007 Rosinete Palmeira SerrãoHer son-in-law (gestational surrogate) IVF with her daughter's oocytes (gestational surrogate) Brazil Rosinete Palmeira Serrão gave birth to her own twin grandsons, Antonio Bento and Vitor Gabriel, at a hospital in Recife, Brazil, on September 28, 2007, at the age of 51, after choosing to act as a gestational surrogate for her 27-year-old daughter, Claudia Michelle Serrão Pereira, who had tried to become pregnant for four years. Under Brazilian law, a surrogate mother is required to be one's close relative, so Serrao volunteered because Claudia had no sisters. The children were conceived through artificial insemination using Claudia's eggs and her husband's sperm.[44][45][46] 51 years December 2009 Anita MakhturHer husband, Indian origin as her IVF with her own unfrozen oocytes India Anita Makhtur, previously childless Indian woman, gave birth to twin boys in December 2009, at the age of 51, after IVF treatment. She was unable to get pregnant for 23 years because of fibroma uteri and had two unsuccessful IVF tries. She is probably the oldest woman who had IVF using her own unfrozen oocytes.[47] 51 years October 2012 Naomi GrynPete, her partner IVF United Kingdom English writer and filmmaker Naomi Gryn, daughter of BritishReformrabbi and broadcaster Hugo Gryn, gave birth to her first child, a daughter Sadie Inez Liberty Joy, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, at UCLH on October 31, 2012, at the age of 51, after IVF treatment.[48] 51 years 2013 Rashmi VermaHer husband, Mr. A. K. Verma IVF India Mrs (Dr.) Rashmi Verma gave birth to a daughter (Lalli) in Delhi India in 2013 at the age of 51. Mrs. Rashmi Verma and her husband decided to go through fertility treatment after accidental death of their only child Amritanshu Verma.[49] 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman years 2015 Sebastiana Maria da ConceicaoHer husband Natural conception Brazil Sebastiana Maria da Conceicao, gave birth to her 21st child in the city of Aracaju, Brazil in May 2015, at the age of 51. The little boy joined the family of 10 brothers and 10 sisters, of whom 18 were alive. "I had my first son when I was 13, I was still a child, I didn’t know much. But after, at an older age, I started to have one after the other," Sebastiana said.[50] 51 years June 2018 Julia ZhabykoEvgenij Zhabyko, her 53-year-old husband IVF Russia Julia Zhabyko, gave birth online dating when should you meet in person triplets, two sons and a daughter, in Vladivostok, Russia in June 2018, at the age of 51, after IVF treatment.[51] 52 years November 1999 Helen Schermerhorn MorrisMartin Scorsese, her husband Natural conception United States Helen Morris was 52 when she gave birth to her daughter Francesca in November 1999.[52] 52 years October 2001 Annie LeibovitzAnonymous sperm donor Natural conception United States American portrait photographerAnnie Leibovitz was 52 when she gave birth to her daughter Sarah in October 2001.[53] 52 years August 2003 Lyudmila BelyavskayaAleksandr Belyavsky, her husband, Russian actor Natural conception Russia Lyudmila Belyavskaya, second wife of Russian actor Aleksandr Belyavsky, gave birth to her first child, daughter Alexandra, in Moscow, Russia, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, on August 28, 2003, at the age of 52, after a natural conception.[54][55] 52 years December 2004 Hazel DeanUnknown Unknown United Kingdom Her daughter was born in December 2004 52 years May 2007 UnidentifiedHer son-in-law (gestational surrogate) IVF with oocytes donation (gestational surrogate) Greece 52-year-old woman gave birth to her own twin grandchildren in Greece in May 2007, after choosing to act as a gestational surrogate, by IVF with oocytes donation, for her infertile daughter. Under the laws of Greece, a surrogate mother is required to be under 50, but in this case an exception was made.[56] 52 years June 2008 Karen JohnstonRoger Johnston, her 53-year-old husband IVF United Kingdom Karen Johnston of Bicester, England, gave birth to a girl, Willow, in June 2008, at the age of 52, after undergoing IVF treatment in Czech Republic. She was already a mother of 7, always alternating boy and girl also —Daniel (33), Jemma (28), Scott (27), Amy (26), Aiden (17), Bethany (14), Joseph (13), and had a set of twins — Imogen and Asa — in July 2010 also after IVF treatment in examples of an online dating profile same Czech clinic.[57] 52 years January 2011 Catherine ColongesAlain Colonges, her 51-year-old husband Natural conception France Catherine Colonges, French woman from Togo, of Limogne-en-Quercy, Lot, France, gave birth to triplets, a girl Léonore, and two boys, Elian and Alexis, in Toulouse, France, at the age of 52, after conceiving naturally with her husband Alain. Mrs Colonges already has a 30-year-old and a 27-year-old son, a 15-year-old daughter and three grandchildren.[58] 52 years October 2012 Shakuntala DeviRamjit Raghav, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, her 96-year-old husband Natural conception India Shakuntala Devi from India gave birth to her second son dating apps bumble the age of 52, after conceiving naturally with her husband Ramjit Raghav, aged 96, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman. She gave birth to her first child in 2010 at the age of 50.[59][60] 52 years July 2019 Lilian Chan Lai-laiBrian Wong Chak-fung [zh], her 52-year-old husband Natural conception Hong Kong [61] 52 years, 4 months June 1757 Julienne Despeignes BlouinPierre Blouin, her 61-year-old husband Natural conception France Julienne Despeignes wife Blouin, French woman from Ercé-en-Lamée, in Brittany, 35 km south Rennes, France, born on February 13, 1705, gave birth to her last daughter, Magdelaine, on June 11, 1757, at the age of 52 years and almost 4 months, after conceiving naturally with her husband Pierre. Mrs Blouin born Despeignes had already had 12 children, of which, at 44 years, in February 1749, before having two others, at 45 and 49 years, two twins of opposite sex, as she herself had a twin brother.[62] 53 years November 1992 Mary ShearingDon Shearing, her 32-year-old second husband IVF with oocytes donation United States Mary Shearing, a 53-year-old Californian woman, former amateur body builder, became pregnant with the help of medical technology in New York, New York, after marrying 7 years earlier Don Shearing, a 21 years younger man. She gave birth on November 10, 1992, to about 12 weeks premature twin girls, at Martin Luther Hospital. The first baby, Amy Leigh, born naturally, was 2 pounds, 2 ounces. Her sister, Kelly Ann, born by Caesarean section, weighed 2 pounds, 12.5 ounces.[63] 53 years December 1992 Geraldine WesolowskiHer son (gestational surrogate) IVF with her daughter-in-law's oocytes (gestational surrogate) United States Geraldine Wesolowski of New York, New York, gave birth to her own milf cheating dating Matthew on December 28, 1992, at the age of 53, after IVF treatment in Christian Fertility Institute in Easton, Pennsylvania, in order to act as a gestational surrogate for her 31-year-old son Mark Wesolowski and his 32-year-old wife, Susan Cooper Wesolowski, who underwent hysterectomy at age 21 after the birth of her first son died at 2, and was not able to have children. It was believed that Geraldine Wesolowski, who was postmenopausal, was then the oldest woman in the United States to dating sites christian lesbians birth through in vitro fertilization. That led to appearances on the Oprah Winfrey and Montel Williams television shows, according to Dr. Ida M. Campagna, the Amherst-based obstetrician who delivered Matthew.[64] Matthew died in February 2010 due to injuries sustained in a car accident.[65] 53 years September 2005 Annie CasserleyHer son-in-law (gestational surrogate) IVF with her daughter's genetically selected oocytes (gestational surrogate) United Kingdom Annie Casserley gave birth to her own granddaughter Annie Trinity Hattersley in United Kingdom in September 2005, at the age of 53, after choosing to act as a gestational surrogate for her 35-year-old daughter, Emma Hattersley, who has a rare cancer-like condition, Histiocytosis X, making her unable to withstand pregnancy.[66] 53 years June 2008 Sarajean GrainsonDavid Grainson, her second husband, former priest IVF with oocytes donation United States Sarajean Grainson of Long Island, New York, gave birth to twin sons, Matthew and David, in June 2008 at the age of 53, after IVF treatment with oocytes donation. Grainson and her second husband David, former priest, already had a son Luke in December 2006. Sarajean Grainson also had three adult children from her first marriage.[43] 53 years December 2008 Adele DramisHer husband IVF with oocytes donation Italy Adele Dramis, an Italian woman of Greek origin, gave birth to twins, a boy, Vicenzo, and a girl, Rosa, in Naples, Italy, in late December 2008, at the age of 53. She had been trying to get pregnant since she got married at age 45, and after years of trying she decided to receive IVF treatment.[67] 53 years June 2011 Anna FehérHer husband IVF Hungary Hungarian actress Anna Fehér gave birth to her first child, a son, László Barnabás, on June 4, 2011, at the age of 53. She has been trying to conceive for ten years.[68] 53 years June 2011 Debbie HughesPaul Clarke, her 47-year-old partner Natural conception United Kingdom Debbie Hughes of Daventry, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, gave birth naturally to her son Kyle at Northampton General Hospital in June 2011 at the age of 53, after a natural conception. She had no plans to become a mother again when she became pregnant, as she had been taking contraceptive pills.[69] 54 years 2000 Galina ShevchenkoHer husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Russia Galina Shevchenko gave birth to twin sons in Russia in 2000 at the age of 54. Shevchenko and her husband decided to go through fertility treatment after accidental death of their only son. It was the first case of successful case of IVF treatment of a postmenopausal woman in Russia.[70] 54 years 2001 Viven MorrisMark Westrop, her son-in-law (gestational surrogate) IVF with her daughter's oocytes (gestational surrogate) United Kingdom Vivien Morris gave birth to her granddaughter Maisie in 2001, at the age of 54, acting as a surrogate mother for her 29-year-old daughter Laura Westrop, who was unable to carry a baby after cancer treatment, and her husband Mark.[38] 54 years January 2007 UnidentifiedHer husband IVF with oocytes donation Czech Republic 54-year-old woman gave birth to a daughter in Prague in "U Apolináře" clinic in January 2007, after IVF treatment with oocytes donation.[71] 54 years November 2009 UnidentifiedHer 71-year-old husband, previously childless IVF with oocytes donation supposed Israel 54-year-old woman gave birth to twins, boy and girl, in Bnei Brak, Israel, in November 2009. Her 71-year-old husband became a first-time father, while she had adult children from a previous marriage.[72] 54 years July 2010 Karen JohnstonRoger Johnston, her 55-year-old husband IVF United Kingdom Karen Johnston of Bicester, England, gave birth to twins, a boy, Asa, and a girl, Imogen, in July 2010, at the age of 54, after undergoing IVF treatment in Czech Republic. She was already a mother of 8, always alternating boy and girl also —Daniel (♂) 33, Jemma (♀) 28, Scott (♂) 27, Amy (♀) 26, Aiden (♂) 17, Bethany (♀) 14, Joseph (♂) 13, Willow (♀) 2—. Her eighth child was born in June 2008 also after IVF treatment in the same Czech clinic.[57] 54 years October 2010 Giovanna CiardiBruno Paoli, her partner Natural conception Italy Giovanna Ciardi of Camaiore, Province of Lucca, already mother of two, gave birth to her third child, a daughter, named Adria, on October 11, 2010, at the age of 54, after a natural conception.[73] 54 years August 2011 Solange Couto dos SantosJamerson de Andrade, her second husband Natural conception Brazil Brazilian actress Solange Couto dos Santos, already mother of a son, Márcio Felipe, and a daughter, Morena Mariah, of her previous marriage, gave birth to her third child, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, a son, named Benjamin, on August 15, 2011, at the age of 54, after a natural conception.[74] 54 years June 2018 Brigitte NielsenMattia Dessi, her husband IVF with own eggs frozen at 40 Denmark Brigitte Nielsen gave birth to her fifth child in June 2018 at the age of 54. The model-actress had her eggs frozen around age 40. She and her fifth hubby, Mattia Dessi, were finally successful after trying with IVF for 14 years.[75] 54 years October 2019 UnidentifiedUnknown Natural conception Russia 54-year-old woman from Tomsk Oblast, Russia gave birth to her fifth child in November 2019 after natural conception.[76] 54 years, 1 month February 1916 Elizabeth PearceHer husband Natural conception United Kingdom Mrs Elizabeth Pearce of Biterne, Southampton, England, gave birth to her youngest child on February 10, 1916, when she was 54 years and 40 days old.[77][78] 54 years, 10 months January 2000 Aracelia GarciaHer husband Natural conception United States Aracelia Garcia of Sunnyside, Washington, astounded doctors when she naturally conceived (without hormonal treatment) all-female triplets in 1999 at the age of 54. She delivered by Caesarean section in early January 2000 three healthy girls, named Arianna, Brianna and Cecelia, to play on initials A, B, C.[79][80][81] 54 years, 11 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman April 1847 Barbara ChristmanHer husband Natural conception United States Barbara "Barbary" Christman (née Klientop) of Pennsylvania, gave birth 3 days shy of her 55th birthday, to William Christman on April 30, 1847. Her husband, Daniel Christman of Chestnut Hill, PA, was 62. William was the seventh of Daniel and Barbara's seven children. 55 years 1998 UnidentifiedAnonymous sperm donor IVF with ICSI India 55-year-old Bodo woman, from states of the far north-eastern India, bordering Tibet and Bhutan, gave birth after IVF treatment with intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).[82] 55 years April 1998 Merryl FudelAnonymous sperm single donor IVF United States Merryl Fudel, a five-time divorcee from San Diego, gave birth to quadruplets, three girls and a boy, on April 18, 1998, at the age of 55, after IVF treatment. She is probably the oldest woman who gave birth to quadruplets. Three girls and one boy were free messageing on online dating websites at 27 weeks, the smallest of them weighted only 10 oz at birth.[83] One of the girls died 8 days later. Fudel surrendered two other girls for adoption, so only the boy remained with mother.[84] 55 years February 2000 Marilyn McReavy NolenRandy Nolen, her 48-year-old husband IVF with oocytes donation United States Marilyn Nolen (born McReavy), former Olympic athlete and volleyball coach at St. Louis University, gave birth to twin sons, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, Travis and Ryan, on February 22, 2000, at the age of 55. She married her husband Randy Nolen in 1988, and since that were trying to have a child, and after 10 years with no success they decided in 1998 to go through IVF.[85] 55 years December 2004 Tina CadeJason Hammond, her 29-year-old son-in-law (gestational surrogate) IVF with her daughter's oocytes (gestational surrogate) United States Tina Cade, jake and amir dating apps Virginia, gave birth to her own triplet grandchildren, two boys, Aaron and Kai, and a girl, Simone, in December 2004, at the age of 55, acting as a surrogate mother for her 29-year-old daughter Camille Hammond and her husband Jason. Camille suffers from endometriosis and had tried 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman attempts of IVF, but had been unsuccessful each time, and then Ms Cade has offered her help.[86] 55 years July 2007 Veronica MensahAtsu Dikenou, a fellow Ghanaian IVF United States Veronica Mensah of Lithonia, Georgia, gave birth to twins, boy and girl, Daniel Atsu and Diana Atsupui, in July 2007, at the age of 55. The children are named Dikenou after their genitor. She had been trying to have children since she was 25, and after 30 years slavic women dating site decided to try through IVF, which was done in her native Ghana.[87] 55 years August 2007 "Brinda""Alagappan", her 57-year-old husband IVF with oocytes donation and ICSI India Indian woman named "Brinda" from Bhadravathi, Karnataka, gave birth to twin sons, Akash and Rishikesh, on August 27, 2007, in Chennai, at the age of 55. She and her husband "Alagappan" were childless for 28 years due to lack of sufficient number of his sperms (oligospermia), so they decided to go through in vitro fertilization (IVF) with oocytes donation and intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).[82] 55 years 2008 UnidentifiedUnknown IVF South Korea A 55-year-old Korean gave birth at Seoul, South Korea, in 2008 (date not sure), with the help of the team of Dr. Kim Ahm who followed, after, "Park", the 57-year-old woman become a mother at Seoul in late September 2012.[88] 55 years November 2008 UnidentifiedAnonymous sperm single donor IVF Austria 55-year-old single woman gave birth to twin girls in Graz, Austria on November 21, 2008, by Caesarian section. She became pregnant after IVF abroad. The father is anonymous.[89] 55 years March 2016 Sharon CuttsStuart Reynolds, her 40-year-old partner IVF United Kingdom Sharon Cutts of Lincolnshire, England, already a mother of 4, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, gave birth to triplets, sons Mason and Ryan and a daughter Lily, in March 2016, at the age of 55, after undergoing IVF treatment in Cyprus.[90] 55 years September 2017 Muazzez ÇınarHer 55-year-old partner IVF Turkey Muazzez Çınar of Men dating younger women jealous, Turkey, gave birth to twin boys in September 2017, at the age of 55, after IVF treatment. They named one of the boys after their son, Hüseyin, who drowned in the sea in northern Rize.[91] 55 years January 2019 Emma MilesAdam Smith, her son-in-law (gestational surrogate) IVF with her daughter's oocytes (gestational surrogate) United Kingdom Emma Miles gave birth to her granddaughter Evie on January 16, 2019, at the age of 55, acting as a surrogate mother for her 31-year-old daughter Tracey Smith, who was born without a womb, and her husband Adam Smith.[92] 55 years, 3 days 1936 ssbbw dating app WilsonHer husband Natural conception United Kingdom Winifred Wilson, from Eccles, west of Manchester, England, who gave birth to her 10th child at the age of 55 years and 3 days in 1936, was the oldest British mother until September 1987, when Kathleen Campbell, from Nottingham, England, gave birth at 55 years and 141 days.[93][94] 55 years, 2 months, 10 days March 1931 Mary HigginsHer husband Natural conception Ireland Mrs Mary Higgins of Cork City, Ireland, born on January 7, 1876, gave birth to her first child when she was 55 years and 69 days old, on March 17, 1931, St-Patrick Day, Irish National Day. The case was reported on July 5, 1932.[78][95] 55 years, 4 months, 19 days September 1987 Kathleen CampbellSydney Campbell, her 65-year-old husband Natural conception United Kingdom Kathleen Campbell of Kimberley, Nottinghamshire, England, born on April 21, 1932, and already grandmother by one of her six elder children ages 16 to 22, gave birth by Caesarean section to her 7th child, a 6 lb 7 oz (2.920 kg) son named Isaac Joby, on September 9, 1987, at the age of 55 years and 141 days, having conceived naturally.[93][94] 55 years, 11 months
(also 51 years) March 1999 Pauline LyonDavid Lyon, her 54-year-old second husband IVF United Kingdom Pauline Lyon, born in late March 1943, gave birth to a son, Brodie, at Hinchingbrooke Hospital, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, England, on March 22, 1999, at the age of 55 years and 11 months, after IVF treatment. She had also given birth to a girl at age 51 after the same treatment, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, and Lyon and her second husband wanted their daughter to have a sibling. Lyon also had an adult daughter from her first marriage.[96] 56 years May 2001 Lynn BezantDerek Bezant, her husband IVF with oocytes donation United Kingdom Lynn Bezant of Croughton, Northamptonshire gave birth to twins, girl and boy, Susan and David, by Caesarean section, on May 24, 2001, at the age of 56, after receiving fertility treatment. Bezant, who already had three adult children with her husband Derek, received donor eggs which had been fertilised with her what is catfishing online dating sperm. The couple had always wanted a larger family but had failed after Bezant gave birth to stillborn twins and then suffered a miscarriage.[97] 56 years 2006 UnidentifiedUnknown IVF with oocytes donation Australia A 56-year-old woman, from Queensland, Australia, gave birth to a baby, in 2006, after IVF treatment with oocytes donation.[98] 56 years January 2008 Raisa AkhmadeevaRachid Akhmadeev, her husband Natural conception supposed Russia Raisa Akhmadeeva gave birth to her first child, a boy, in Ulyanovsk, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman on January 10, 2008, at the age of 56. Her husband Rachid has already three children from his previous marriage, but they always wanted to have a child together.[99] 56 years October 2008 Jacilyn DalenbergJoe Coseno, her son-in-law (gestational surrogate) IVF with her daughter's oocytes (gestational surrogate) United States Jacilyn Dalenberg (former Wooster) of Mansfield, Ashland, Ohio, gave birth to her own triplet granddaughters, Elisabeth Jacilyn, and twins Carmina Ann and Gabriella Claire, on October 11, 2008, at the age of 56, acting as a surrogate mother for her daughter Kim Wooster Coseno and her husband Joe Coseno. Already mother of two children, a girl, Brittni (Wilkinson) and a boy, Colin (Anderson), of her two previous companions, Kim Wooster became sterile after giving birth to her son.[100] 56 years May 2010 Gabriella De AmbrosisLuigi De Ambrosis, her 69-year-old husband IVF with oocytes donation Italy Gabriella De Ambrosis gave birth to her first child, daughter Viola, on May 26, 2010, in Italy, at the age of 56, after IVF treatment abroad. Gabriella married her husband Luigi in 1990. They tried for many years to conceive naturally, and also had two requests for adoption turned down. In September 2011 an Italian court has ordered their daughter to be taken into care after ruling that librarian Gabriella, 57, and her retired husband, 70, were too old.[101] 56 years November 2010 Gianna NanniniHer partner Natural conception, on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) Italy On November 26, 2010, 56-year-old Italian singer Gianna Nannini gave birth to her first child, a girl named Penelope, having conceived naturally following fertility treatments.[102] 56 years November 2014 "Tessa"Anonymous sperm donor Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Canada "Tessa", a 56-year-old Toronto lawyer, gave birth to a baby boy on November 25, 2014, after IVF treatment with oocytes donation. She was single and had three adult children from her previous marriage.[103] 56 years December 2014 Lisa Swinton McLaughlinMichael McLaughlin, her husband IVF United States Lisa Swinton McLaughlin, the medical director for the American Red Cross in Baltimore, gave birth to premature twin boys on December 27, 2014, at the age of 56, after more than 10 years of fertility treatment attempts. She was discharged from hospital on December 31, but was still suffering from the stomach pain, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, and died at home of a bowel obstruction on January 4, 2015, while her sons were still in the hospital.[104] 56 years February 2018 Irina Best christian dating app Vitorgan, her husband IVF Russia Irina Vitorgan, third wife of Russian actor Emmanuil Vitorgan, gave birth to a baby girl named Ethel on February 26, 2018, at the age of 56, after IVF treatment.[105][106] 56 years, 11 months, 27 days November 2004 Aleta St. JamesTwo anonymous sperm donors IVF with oocytes donation United States Aleta St. James, born on November 12, 1947, gave birth to twins, a boy and a girl, Francesca and Gian, at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, New York on November 9, 2004, just three days before her 57th birthday, after having undergone IVF treatment using donor eggs.[14] 57 years March 1996 Natalya SurkovaHer second husband Natural conception, on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) Russia Natalya Surkova became the oldest mother in Russia after giving birth to her daughter Sasha on March 14, 1996, at the age of 57. She became pregnant after 1.5 years of hormonal treatment, having been established in premenopausal. Surkova, a divorced mother of two adult children, decided to have one more child because her new partner was childless.[107] 57 years December 1998 Judith CatesCarl M, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman. Cates Jr, her 48-year-old husband IVF United States Judith Cates of Evansville, Indiana gave birth to twin girls, Margaret Jan Marie (Maggi) and Carli Sue Morgan (Carli), on December 12, 1998, at the age of 57. She got pregnant after IVF treatment, and she has said that she and her husband, Carl, are often mistaken for grandparents.[108] 57 years April 2005 Rosie SwainJay Swain, her husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation United States Rosie Swain naturally gave birth to twins, girl and boy, Diana and Christian, in USA on April 20, 2005, at the age of 57. Swain and her husband Jay, who already were six times grandparents and four times great-grandparents, by her six eldests, decided to go through IVF in order to give their last child, 6-year-old son Jimmy, a sibling close in age.[109] 57 years March 2008 Susan TollefsenNick Mayer, her 46-year-old partner IVF with oocytes donation United Kingdom Susan Tollefsen, English woman Norway native, of Laindon, Essex, England, gave birth to her first child, daughter Freya, on March 28, 2008, at the age of 57, after IVF treatment with oocytes donation. She was refused to be treated in Britain due to her age, so she went to Russia and Poland to receive IVF. Two years later she was willing to have one more child, this time she was accepted at London Women's Clinic, and became the oldest woman in Britain who was offered this kind of treatment, but later she decided not to risk her health.[110] 57 years July 2008 "Vera"Her husband Natural conception Ukraine 57-year-old woman gave birth to a son, Andrei, in Kyiv, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, Ukraine by Caesarean section on June 13, 2008, at the age of 57. Her first son died at age 20, later she gave birth to twin boys, but they died after 10 days, so she and her husband decided to try once again.[111] 57 years 2010 UnidentifiedUnknown IVF with oocytes donation Australia A 57-year-old woman gave birth to a baby in 2010, in Perth, Western Australia, after IVF treatment with oocytes donation.[98] 57 years August 2010 Pamela ButlerHer son-in-law (gestational surrogate) IVF with her daughter's oocytes (gestational surrogate) United Kingdom 57-year-old Pamela Butler, of Blackwood, Wales, gave birth to a boy, Josef, in August 2010 via surrogacy. Her 35-year-old daughter, Nichola, had tried to have a baby on her own and failed. Pamela Butler became Britain's oldest surrogate mother.[112] 57 years November 2010 UnidentifiedAnonymous Indian sperm donor IVF Australia 57-year-old Indian woman gave birth to a girl in Melbourne, Australia, in November 2010, after IVF with sperm donated from India, setting a record to become the oldest mother in Australia.[113] 57 years September 2011 Silvana SofiaHer 70-year-old husband IVF with oocytes donation Italy Silvana Sofia, 57-year-old woman doctor, gave birth to female twins, Karola Pia and Adriana Cristina, in Salerno, Italy in September 2011. Her husband was 70 years old at that time.[114] 57 years September 2012 "Park"Her 60-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation South Korea A 57-year-old Korean (born in 1955), nicknamed "Park", gave birth by caesarean section performed at 36 weeks, to two girls, fraternal twins, weighing, respectively, 2.230 kg and 2.630 kg, on September 26, 2012, at the Obstetric Asan Medical Center, at Seoul, South Korea. After 27 years to try unsuccessfully to conceive naturally with her husband, because of the obstruction of her fallopian tubes, the menopause had occurred when she was 45 years old, twelve years before. She therefore had to resort to IVF with donated oocytes, fertilized by the sperm of her 60-year-old husband.[88] 57 years, 4 months
(also 52 and 55 years) November 1972 Anna MartinRaymond Martin, her 55-year-old husband Natural conception United States Anna Martin, of Broken Arrow, near Tulsa, Oklahoma, already mother of six children, the eldest, Louis, was then 25, gave birth by Caesarean section to a daughter, Mary-Jane, on November 24, 1972, at the age of 57 years and 4 months. She already had her previous children, a daughter, in summer 1967, at the age of 52, then a son, Donnie-Ray, in summer 1970, at the age of 55.[115] 57 years, 4 months, 7 days October 1956 Ruth Alice KistlerHer husband Natural conception, on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) United States Ruth Alice Kistler of Portland, Oregon, gave birth to a daughter, Susan, in Los Angeles, California, on October 18, 1956, at the age of 57 years and 129 days. The birth predated the advent of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) making Kistler one of the oldest women known to have conceived naturally.[116][117] Born in June 1899, she died in 1982, at the age of 82 or 83, while her daughter was 25 or 26. 58 years December 1818 Mrs George SaundersHer husband Natural conception United Kingdom The Royal Cornwall Gazette of January 2, 1819, reporting the birth of twins, on previous Christmas Eve (December 24, 1818), to Mrs George Saunders, wife of a London shoemaker, in the 59th year of her age. Her last previous child had been born 35 years before that.[78] 58 years 1995 Emilia BaccoHer husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Italy Emilia Bacco, 58-year-old Italian woman from Salerno, Italy, gave birth to twin boys in 1995, after IVF treatment with oocytes donation fertilized by her husband's sperm.[118] 58 years June 2001 "Pragna"Her husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation India "Pragna", 58-year-old Indian woman, from Mumbai, Maharashtra, gave birth to a son, by Caesarean section, in June 2001.[119] 58 years September 2002 Janet BosherDonated embryos' genitor Postmenopausal IVF with embryos donation United Kingdom Janet Bosher gave birth to her twins children Sarah and James in London in September 2002, at the age of 58, after IVF treatment with donated embryos, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, her partner Martin Maslin, also apparently sterile, at the Professor Ian Craft's private clinic. In January 2003, Martin Maslin died from a heart attack at age 64, four months after the twins' birth. After his death the wisdom of a couple close to retirement age having fertility treatment was debated.[120] 58 years March 2003 Samira EllisHer companion Postmenopausal IVF with oocytes donation Sweden Samira Ellis, an Israeli native, gave birth to twins, boy, Elias, and girl, Solva, in Sweden on March 8, 2003, at the age of 58.[121] 58 years December 2006 Ann StoplerAyal Chomsky, her son-in-law (gestational surrogate) Postmenopausal IVF with her daughter's oocytes (gestational surrogate) United States Ann Stolper, of Delray Beach, Florida, gave birth to her own twin granddaughters, Itai & Maya, in USA on December 1, 2006, at the age of 58, acting as a surrogate mother for her daughter Caryn Stopler Chomsky and her husband Ayal Chomsky. Caryn Chomsky had had a hysterectomy at age 25 as she had been diagnosed with cervical cancer, and was not able to have children the traditional way.[122] 58 years May 2010 "Cicly"Her husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation India An Indian woman named Cicly of Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam district gave birth to a boy in St George Hospital on May 31, 2010, at the age of 58, after IVF treamment, with her own eggs supposedly. Cicly's first son had died many years ago at the age of three and her second son died at the age of 16 in an accident in 2008. She and her husband then decided to try to have one more child.[123] 58 years May 2010 UnidentifiedHer husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Italy 58-year-old woman of Turin, Italy, gave birth to a daughter in May 2010, after IVF treatment with oocytes donation.[124] 58 years December 2010 Carole HobsonAnonymous Scandinavian sperm donor Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation United Kingdom Carole Hobson of Kent, South East England, gave birth to twins, a boy and a girl, in December 2010, at the age of 58, following IVF treatment at a clinic in India.[125] 58 years September 2011 UnidentifiedHer 65 or 72-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Italy A 58-year-old woman gave birth to twins, a boy and a girl, in Milan, Italy, in September 2011, after IVF treatment abroad with donor eggs, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman. The woman and her 65-year-old (72 yo according another source) husband, mechanic, were trying to conceive naturally for 27 years.[114] 58 years May 2012 Maria Addolorata MontuoriSalvatore Manzo, her 59-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Italy Maria Addolorata Montuori, a 58-year-old woman from Boscoreale, near Naples, Campania, Italia, gave birth to triplets, one girl, Giovanna, and two boys, Alessandro and Adriano, on May 9, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, 2012, at the General Hospital of aples, after postmenopausal IVF treatment, with oocytes donation fertilized by sperm of her husband, Salvatore Manzo, 59 years.[126] 58 years, 4 months December 2004 Lauren CohenFrank Garcia, her 39-year-old second husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation United States Lauren Cohen of Paramus, New Jersey, born on August 11, 1946, already mother of a 26-year-old daughter, Renee, of her first marriage, gave birth to a daughter, Raquel, in New York, New York, in December 2004, at the age of 58 years and 4 months. Lauren Cohen and her husband, Frank Garcia, will still have twins together through IVF in May 2006, using the husband's sperm and oocytes from a donor. The couple, faced with either giving away the embryos left over from the first IVF treatment or letting them be destroyed, decided to try again. As to why she chose to have children at such a late age, with a husband approximately 20 years her junior, Lauren Cohen stated, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, "I just thought it would be unfair to Frank for him to marry me and never have the opportunity to have a child. He never asked me to have a child, but I knew it would make him happy".[127] 58 years, 5 months December 2007 Türkan KaticelikSelim Katicelik, her 64-year-old husband 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman with anonymous 25-year-old donor's ovocytes Germany Türkan Katicelik, a Turkish woman living in Aschaffenburg, Germany gave birth to a daughter, Karya, in December 2007. The child weighed 2.1 kg, was 46 cm tall and was delivered by caesarean section. She had had several miscarriages before she gave birth to her first child. She used IVF with an anonymous 25-year-old donor's oocytes. In 2008, she announced she was a bit younger than had previously been reported, due to a mistake in the official registration. She would be 60 in July, 2009, meaning she had been about 58 ½ at the birth.[128][129] 58 years, 6 months 1998 Lin Fu-meiHer husband[citation needed]Natural 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, on HRT[citation needed]Republic Of China Lin Fu-mei, of Republic of China (Taiwan), whose age was reported between 58 and 59, gave birth to twin daughters in 1998.[130] 59 years The best free dating sites for mature adults 1993 Jennifer F.Her 45-year-old husband IVF with oocytes donation United Kingdom Jennifer F. (not released name), millionnaire British businesswoman, gave birth to twin boys in a London hospital on December 25, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, at the age of 59, after undergoing IVF treatment in Rome, Italy, with the help of Dr. Severino Antinori. The oocytes from an Italian 22-year-old donor and the sperm of Jennifer's 45-year-old husband were used. This case produced much ethical debate in UK.[131] 59 years August 1997 Dawn BrookeRaymond Brooke, her 64-year-old husband Natural conception, on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) United Kingdom Dawn Brooke of Guernsey, Channel Islands, gave birth to a son by Caesarian section on August 20, 1997, at the age of 59. She became pregnant unexpectedly, initially mistaking the symptoms she experienced for cancer, and is the oldest mother currently known to have conceived naturally. It has been speculated that the hormone replacement therapy which she had may have contributed to her ability to ovulate past menopause.[132] 59 years
(also 57 years) October 2004 Sandra LennonMichaël Lennon, her second husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation United Kingdom Sandra Lennon of Byfleet, Surrey, who already had two adult children from her first marriage, gave birth to her son Alex in October 2004, at the age of 59. It was her second child born after IVF treatment, the first of them, son Joshua, had been born in the beginning of 2003.[133] 59 years 2005 Svetlana GlazyrinaIlgizar Glazyrin, her 50-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Russia Svetlana Glazyrina, of Sochi, Russia, gave birth to her first child, a boy, Camille Rinat, weighing 3.8 kg and 54 cm tall, on September 13, 2005, at the age of 59. She had been trying to have children since her marriage at age 44. After seven unsuccessful pregnancies she decided to go through IVF treatment.[134] 59 years, 9 months, 11 days May 2006 Lauren CohenFrank Garcia, her 40-year-old second husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation United States Lauren Cohen of Paramus, New Jersey, born on August 11, 1946, already mother of a 27-year-old daughter, Renee, of her first marriage, gave birth to twins, big girls dating site boy and a girl, Giselle & Gregory, in New York, New York, on May 22, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, 2006, at the age of 59 years, 9 months, and 11 days. Lauren Cohen and her husband, Frank Garcia, had previously had a daughter, Raquel, together through IVF in December 2004, using the husband's sperm and an egg from a donor. The couple, faced with either giving away the embryos left over from the first IVF treatment or letting them be destroyed, decided to try again. As to why she chose to have children at such a late age, with a husband approximately 20 years her junior, Lauren Cohen stated, "I just thought it would be unfair to Frank for him to marry me and never have the opportunity to have a child. He never asked me to have a child, but I knew it would make him happy".[127] 59 years 2008 UnidentifiedHer 71-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation United Kingdom 59-year-old British Indian woman gave birth in the English Midlands to twin girls conceived by IVF in India. The woman's husband was 72 years old at the moment of birth.[135] 59 years January 1949 Inez TurleyFred Turley, Her 65-year-old second husband Natural Conception United States Mrs. Fred. J. Turley, 59, Wife of a 65-year-old Helena, Ark. Barber says the birth of her sixth child was "An answer to a prayer." Their other children are dead. Two died in the war. Dr. Eva Dodge of the University of Arkansas medical school termed Mrs. Turley's case "Very Unusual." The mother will be 60 in April.[136] 59 years September 2008 UnidentifiedHer husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with Vietnamese donor's oocytes France 59-year-old Frenchwoman of Vietnamese origin gave birth by Caesarian section to two boys and a girl on September 6, 2008. The woman is thought to have resorted to a private Vietnamese clinic willing to overlook the age limit for egg donation and IVF, set at 45 in Vietnam. Egg donations are authorised in France, but most fertility clinics set a maximum age limit of 42 for would-be mothers.[137] 59 years June 2017 Akosua Budu AmoakoIsaiah Somuah Anim, her 59-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation USA Akosua Budu Amoako, aged 59, gave birth to a son, Isaiah Somuah Anim, on June 15 at Bellevue Woman's Center in Niskayuna, New York, after IVF treatment using her husband's sperm and a donor egg.[138] 60 years 1996 Haristoula KariotiHer husband Pre-menopausal IVF treatment Greece Haristoula Karioti from Rhodes, Greece, gave birth to 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman sons at the age of 60, after IVF treatment in Athens, Greece. She was pregnant with triplets, but the doctors later decided to reduce the number of fetuses by one. She entered menopause years after the birth of her children - her mother, too, had entered menopause at a very late age.[139] 60 years November 1997 Elizabeth Ann "Liz" Jeffrey ButtleHer boyfriend Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation United Kingdom Elizabeth Ann Jeffrey "Liz" Buttle, of Wales, already mother of a 41-year-old daughter, Belinda, she had at the age of 19, gave birth to a son, Joe, in November 1997, at the age of 60, after she had informed doctors that she was 49, although she was 59 actually, in order to be eligible for IVF.[citation needed] Buttle's husband died of a heart attack several years earlier; she started a new relationship and was desperate to have another child.[140] Her only previous child, daughter Belinda, was born in 1956, when Liz was 19, so she is probably the woman with the longest interval between two births.[141] As of September 2006, Buttle was still alive.[140] 60 years July 2001 UnidentifiedHer husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Japan 60-year-old Japanese woman became the oldest mother in Tokyo, Japan when gave birth to her first child in July 2001, after IVF treatment received in the US using her husband's sperm and oocytes donated by an Asian woman.[142] 60 years August 2001 "Aruna"Her husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation India "Aruna", a 60-year-old Indian woman, from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, gave birth to a son in August 2001, conceived by IVF treatment with oocytes donation. She and her husband married 29 years earlier, remained childless, after 3 abortions of previa pregnancies.[119] 60 years May 2007 Frieda BirnbaumKen Birnbaum, her 63-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation United States Dr Frieda Birnbaum of Saddle River, New Jersey, gave birth to twin sons, Jake and Jared, on May 22, 2007, at the age of 60. The babies weighed 4 lb 11 oz (2.12 kg) each and were delivered by Caesarean section. Frieda Birnbaum underwent IVF at a South African fertility clinic specializing in older women. She and her husband, who have a 6-year-old son and two adult children, a 33-year-old son and a 29-year-old daughter, said that they wanted their younger son to have siblings close in age. Hospital officials believe Dr Frieda Birnbaum may be the oldest woman to give birth to twins in the United States.[143] 60 years February 2009 Ranjit HayerJagir Hayer, her 60-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Canada Ranjit Hayer of Calgary, Alberta, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman birth to twin boys, in February 2009, at the age of 60, became pregnant through fertility treatments and IVF practiced in India, after several miscarriages in several years.[144] 60 years May 2010 Wu ChengWu Jingzhou, her husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation China Wu Cheng, 60-year-old Chinese woman, gave birth to twin girls prematurely via Caesarean section in Hefei on May 25, 2010. The woman and her husband decided to go through IVF treatment after the death of their 28-year-old daughter Tingting and son-in-law. The woman has said: "The girls give me and my husband the courage to live on. Despite the fact that we are old, we have the confidence to bring them up."[145] 60 years September 2010 UnidentifiedHer son-in-law (gestational surrogate) Postmenopausal IVF treatment with her daughter's oocytes (gestational surrogate) Brazil 60-year-old Brazilian woman from Rio de Janeiro gave birth to her own granddaughter Alice on September 28, 2010, after choosing to act as a gestational surrogate for her 32-year-old daughter, who is infertile. Under Brazilian law, a surrogate mother is required to be one's close relative.[146] 60 years January 2012 Raju BenHawa Singh, her 68-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation India Raju Ben of gave birth to a son in Jaipur in January 2012, at the age of 60.[147] Married for 40 years, she suffered with four miscarriages in the past and had multiple surgeries on her tubes & uterus because of tuberculosis, ovarian cysts, etc., thus making her impossible to conceive, so she and her husband decided to try IVF.[147] 60 years May 2015 Punjiben PatelRanchhod Patel, her 65-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation India Punjiben Patel of Vond village of Bhachau in Kutch district, Gujarat, gave birth to a son in May 2015, at the age of 60, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman. Married in 1982, she and her husband failed to conceive naturally. Patel became pregnant after the first attempt of IVF.[148] 60 years June 2017 Atifa NokićHer 68-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Serbia Atifa Nokić of Novi Pazar, Serbia, gave birth on 20 June 2017, at the age of 60. Nokić and her 68-year-old husband Šerif became fifth time parents with the help of IVF treatment.[149] 60 years, 10 months, 19 days January 2010 Lia Georgia TriffPrince Paul-Philippe von Hohenzollern al Romania, her 62-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with allegedly one of her frozen oocytes Romania Princess Lia Georgia Triff, wife of Prince Paul-Philippe Hohenzollern of Romania, gave birth in Romania to the Prince Carol Ferdinand Hohenzollern on January 11, 2010 ; born on February 23, 1949, she was then 60 years, 10 months, and 19 days. She previously had a daughter born in 1973 from her first union. Later, Lia Triff alleged that she used her own frozen eggs.[150] 61 years January 1988 Cecilia TuailevaHer husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Australia Cecilia Tuaileva, Australian woman, gave birth to a son on January 16, 1988, at the age of 61. She has used IVF with oocytes donation fertilized by her husband's sperm.[151] 61 years July 1992 Liliana CantadoriHer husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Italy Liliana Cantadori gave birth to a son in Modena, Italy on July 27, 1992, at the age of 61. She used IVF with oocytes donation fertilized by her husband's sperm.[152] 61 years December 2002 UnidentifiedHer husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Austria An unnamed Austrian woman gave birth to her second child, a daughter weighing 6 lb (2.72 kg), on December 15, 2002, at the age of 61 in Graz. She also gave birth to another child, a boy, in early March 2007 at the age of 66. Her oldest child, a daughter, was then 25. Both pregnancies over 60 were made possible by IVF. The second will overseen by Severino Antinori. This may be the only known case in the world of two pregnancies and births at over age 60.[153][154] 61 years February 2007 UnidentifiedHer husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Denmark 61-year-old woman, from Vanlose, Copenhague, Denmark, gave birth to a daughter on February 19, 2007, in Copenhague, conceived by IVF treatment practiced in England, with oocytes donation.[155] 61 years 2007 UnidentifiedHer husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Switzerland 61-year-old woman became first-time mother in Switzerland in 2007, after becoming pregnant abroad by IVF treatment with oocytes donation, a procedure which is banned in the Helvetic Confederation. Another woman gave birth the same year in the country to twin boys at the age of 61 years.[156] 61 years February 2009 UnidentifiedHer son-in-law (gestational surrogate) Postmenopausal IVF treatment with her daughter's oocytes (gestational surrogate) Japan 61-year-old woman gave birth to her own grandson in Nagano, northwestern Tokyo, Japan, on February 10, 2009, after choosing to act as a gestational surrogate for her daughter, who has no uterus and could not become pregnant herself. She would be the oldest surrogate mother recorded in Japan.[157] 61 years February 2011 Kristine CaseyHer 42-year-old son-in-law (gestational surrogate) Postmenopausal IVF treatment with her daughter's oocytes (gestational surrogate) United States Kristine Casey gave birth to her own grandson Finnean Lee on February 13, 2011, at Prentice Women's Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, at the age of 61. She chose to act as a surrogate for her 36-year-old daughter Sara Connell, who is infertile. Kidney complications affecting the surrogate mother shortly after birth were quickly resolved.[158] 61 years October 2012 Antônia Letícia AstiHer 55-year-old husband, José César Asti Postmenopausal IVF treatment with her own frozen oocytes Brazil Antônia Letícia Asti, a Brazilian woman from Santos, 40 km south-east São Paulo, State of São Paulo, gave birth, two months before term, to twins, Sofia and Roberto, weighing 900 g (less than 2 lb) each, on October 26, 2012, one week after her a 61st birthday, after a postmenopausal IVF treatment using her own frozen oocytes 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman by her husband (age 55 at the twins birth) remaining after their three previous unsuccessful attempts since 1992.[159] 61 years March 2019 Cecile EledgeHer son (gestational surrogate) Postmenopausal IVF treatment with son-in-law's sister's oocytes donation (gestational surrogate) United States Cecile Eledge, a woman living in Nebraska, gave birth to her own granddaughter Uma on March 25, 2019, at the age of 61. She chose to be a gestational surrogate for her son and his husband and used IVF with oocytes donated from her son-in-law's sister and fertilized with her son's sperm.[160] 61 years, 9 months 2007 UnidentifiedHer husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Switzerland Swiss woman became first-time mother in 2007, giving birth to twins, at the age of 61 years and 9 months. She became pregnant abroad at the age of 61 after IVF treatment with oocytes donation, a procedure which is banned in Switzerland. A fellow woman, became pregnant by the same means at 60, still abroad, gave birth to a son at 61 the same year.[156] 62 years August 1992 Concetta Ditessaher 53-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocyte donation Italy Concetta Ditessa, a housewife from a Calabrian village in southern Italy, was due to give birth to a boy in August 1992. She was impregnated with an egg from a 30-year-old woman that was fertilized with sperm from Ditessa's husband, who is 53. There is no trace of an article about her childbirth, but her pregnancy referred to around 6 months of gestation, she probably has not had a miscarriage at this stage.[161] 62 years May 2001 Jeanine SalomoneRobert Salomone, her 52-year-old brother Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocyte donation France Jeanine Salomone, French retired teacher, gave birth to a son, Benoît-David, on May 14, 2001, in Fréjus, Var, France, at the age of 62. It is against the law in France for post-menopausal women to receive IVF so she went to the US for treatment. The case caused some ethical debate because the two eggs donated to Jeanine by a Californian woman were inseminated with sperm from Jeanine's brother, Robert: one was brought to term by Jeanine, the other by the donor as surrogate, who will give birth the week after, on May 22, 2001, to 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, her 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman daughter promised to Jeanine. Their doctor was not informed that Jeanine and Robert were sister and brother; he thought that they were a married couple. The infants were reportedly born into a fraught family atmosphere in which Jeanine and Robert hate each other and are wrangling over a family craigslist lebanon oregon dating site Jeanine Salomone died on June 18, 2015, aged 75.[163] 62 years April 2004 Amma BhavaniAnonymous sperm donor Postmenopausal 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman treatment with oocytes donation India Amma Bhavani, of Thiruvananthapuram, southern India, gave birth to a son by Caesarean section on April 12, 2004, at the age of 62, after an IVF treatment with oocytes donation fertilized by sperm taken from the sperm bank.[164] The boy named Kannan drowned in a bucket in 2006, and in 2008 Bhavani, aged 66, was preparing for the second IVF attempt.[165] 62 years
(also 59 years) February 2006 Janise WulfScott Wulf, her 48-year-old second husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation United States Janise Wulf of Redding, California, gave birth to a boy, Adam Charles, her 12th child, on February 19, 2006, at the age of 62. The baby was delivered by Caesarean section, weighing 6 lb 10 oz (3.00 kg), and was conceived through in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Her doctor stated that, for women over 35, giving birth can have risks, but he agreed to oversee the procedure because Janise Wulf was in good health, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman. She and her second husband, Scott, said that they decided to have children together because Scott had not had any children in his previous marriage, and because they did not want their other son, Ian, born late 2002, also conceived through IVF, to grow up an only child. Of the 10 children Janise Wulf had previously, before Ian, the oldest was 40 at the time of the birth, and the youngest was 24. Janise Wulf also has 20 grandchildren and 3 great-grandchildren.[166][167] 62 years July 2006 Patricia "Patti" Rashbrook FarrantJohn Farrant, her 60-year-old husband, until then childless Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation United Kingdom Patricia Rashbrook, already mother of 3 adults children, ages 26, 22, and 18, from her first union, gave birth to a son, Jude, in Brighton, England on July 5, 2006, at the age of 62. She and her husband, John Farrant, received, in Russia, IVF treatment from the same Italian fertility expert who the Della Cortes had consulted, Severino Antinori. The birth of the baby, which was born by Caesarean section and weighed 6 lb 10.5 oz (3.02 kg), sparked debate over the ethics of late motherhood in the U.K.[168][169] 62 years July 2007 Mileva RadulovicSreten Radulovic, her 69-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Montenegro Mileva Radulovic of Danilovgrad, northwest of Podgorica, Montenegro, gave birth in July 2007, at the age of 62, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman. Radulovic and her 69-year-old husband Sreten became first time parent after 35 years of marriage with the help of IVF treatment.[170] As of March 2015, Mileva was a widow and her son, Savo, was a schoolboy.[171] 62 years May 2010 Krasimira DimitrovaAnonymous sperm donor Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Bulgaria Bulgarian psychiatrist Krasimira Dimitrova, from Ruse, Bulgaria, gave birth on May 5, 2010, to female twins, Mary and Jacqueline, weighing only 0.5 and 0.9 kg, after IVF treatment, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, at the age of 62. She decided to become pregnant after she was refused the option of adoption because of her age. Jacqueline died on June 13, 2010.[172] Dimitrova was initially impregnated with triplets, but later doctors decided to remove one of the foetuses. She is only the second known woman aged over 60 that has given birth to twins.[173] As of April 2018 Dimitrova was still alive and Mary was in the second grade.[174] 62 years February 2015 Galina ShubeninaHer husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Russia Galina Shubenina of Moscow gave birth to a daughter in February 2015, at the age of 62. She wanted to have a child after the death of her son from previous marriage.[175] 62 years, 6 months 1887 UnidentifiedHer husband Natural conception England The Lancet Medical Journal reported in 1887 the case of an English woman who had given birth, at the age 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman 62 years and 6 months, to three boys, real triplets, her 11th, 12th, and 13th children with her husband.[176] 62 years, 9 months July 1994 Rosanna Della CorteMauro Della Corte, her husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Italy Rosanna Della Corte of Canino, Italy gave birth to a son, Riccardo, on July 18, 1994, at the age of 62. After their first son was killed when a car crashed into his motorcycle in 1991, Rosanna Della Corte and her husband, Mauro, decided to attempt to have a second child. The couple tried to adopt, but were unable to, as under Italian law an adoptive parent could be no more than 40 years older than their potential child. Mauro read in the newspaper about an Italian doctor, Severino Antinori, who had helped a woman in her late 50s have a child. With Dr. Antinori's help, the Della Cortes conceived through IVF with oocytes donation and Mauro's sperm. Rosanna, 60, became pregnant on the first attempt, but miscarried after 40 days, and it took 6 more attempts before there was success. She was then just 62.[177] 63 years April 1997 UnidentifiedHer 60-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation United States An anonymous menopausal 63-year-old woman, remained childless, who had claimed to doctors to be only 55 to be eligible for the program of artificial insemination, gave birth to a 6 lb 4 oz baby girl, on April 23, 1997, at the Hospital of the University of Southern California's School of Medicine, in Los Angeles, after IVF with a young anonymous donor's oocyte fertilized by her 60-year-old husband's sperm, and frozen embryo transfer.[178][179] 63 years March 2011 Tineke GeessinkAnonymous sperm donor Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Netherlands Tineke Geessink of Harlingen, Netherlands, gave birth to daughter Meagan on March 22, 2011, at the age of 63. Single mother Tineke Geessink, currently the oldest woman in the Netherlands to ever give birth, explained to press that she had always longed for a child and chose to do so "whatever way she could". She was treated by the famous Italian doctor Severino Antinori, who implanted a donated oocyte fertilized with donated sperm; the Dutch limit for such treatments is at age 45.[180] The announcement of Geessink's pregnancy sparked a debate about the ethics of late motherhood in the Netherlands. Geessink died on June 25, 2020, leaving behind her, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, then, 9-year-old daughter.[181] 63 years August 2016 UnidentifiedUnidentified Donor IVF Australia A woman in Australia successfully gave birth at 63 in Melbourne, Victoria, according to newspapers and current affairs. The woman and the father formally requested to remain unidentifiable. She received an embryo implantation overseas. She is Australia's oldest first mother. Father is an unidentified 78-year-old. The child was born prematurely, at 34 weeks gestation, both mother and child are healthy. She is a Tasmanian, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman. 63 years, 9 months November 1996 Arceli KehIsagani Keh, her 57-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation United States Arceli Keh of Highland, California, gave birth to a daughter, Cynthia, on November 7, 1996, at the age of 63 years and 9 months. She and her husband, Isagani, had been married for 16 years when they decided to try to have a child. In order to gain admission to a fertility program that had an upper age limit of 55, Kehs told doctors that she was 50, although she was in fact 10 years older at the time. Five IVF transfer cycles were required before Arceli Keh successfully became pregnant. The ovum came from a donor and was fertilized with sperm from Arceli's husband.[14][182] 64 years February 2004 Papathiammal SubramaniamHer 74-year-old husband, without son Postmenopausal IVF treatment with her 30-year-old cousin's oocyte, and selected her husband's Dating a nigerian guy sperm India Papathiammal Subramaniam gave birth to a son in Erode, Tamil Nadu, India on February 23, 2004, at the age of 64. The baby was delivered by Caesarean section and weighed 1.75 kg (3.8 lb). He was conceived through IVF, with an ovum donated by a 30-year-old Papathiammal's cousin and the sperm of Papathiammal's husband, a 74-year-old farmer until then remained without son.[183] 64 years June 2004 UnidentifiedAnonymous sperm donor Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Israel 64-year-old Israeli woman gave birth to a son in June 2004 in Tel Aviv after receiving a postmenopausal IVF with oocytes and sperm donations.[184][185] 64 years October 2006 Memnune TiryakiOmer Tiryaki, her 62-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Turkey Memnune Tiryaki gave birth to her first child, son Yasin, in Istanbul, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, Turkey, on October 9, 2006, at the age of 64, after IVF treatment with oocytes donation, practiced in Turkish occupied section of Cyprus. Tiryaki and her 62-year-old husband were trying to have children for 35 years.[186] 64 years July 2010 Dominique C.Daniel C., her 60-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Switzerland 64-year-old Swiss woman, from Oberlunkhofen, Canton of Argovie, western Zurich, Switzerland, whose husband was 60, gave birth to their first child, daughter Katerina, in July 2010, after IVF treatment with oocyte(s) donation. She went to Russia for IVF using donor eggs, after a miscarriage at the age of 61, dating apps for actual relationships egg donation is illegal in Switzerland.[187] 65 years April 2003 Satyabhama MahapatraHer husband Krishnachandra's niece's husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment using her husband's niece Veenarani's oocyte India Satyabhama Mahapatra of Nayagarh, Odisha, India gave birth to a son on April 9, 2003, in Raipur, at the age of 65. The baby, weighing 6 lb 8 oz (2.95 kg) was born by Caesarean section. Mahapatra became pregnant through the help of IVF using an ovum donated by 26-year-old niece Veenarani Mahapatra (of her husband Krishnachandra Mahapatra) and spermatozoons from the husband of the latter. Krishnachandra could not fertilize his niece's oocyte himself. This was their first child after 50 years of marriage. Doctors had attempted to persuade the couple not have IVF. Satyabhama Mahapatra was also hospitalized for the last trimester of her pregnancy.[188] 65 years May 2015 Haya ShaharShmuel, her 67-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Israel Haya Shahar, of Bnei Brak, Israel, who was unable to have a baby during her 46-year marriage with Shmuel, gave birth to a son in May 2015 at Meir Medical Center in Kfar Saba. She became the oldest woman in Israel to give birth. The IVF was performed abroad since it is illegal in Israel 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman perform IVF on a woman over 54.[189] 65 years May 2015 Annegret RaunigkUnknown sperm donor Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Germany Annegret Raunigk, a Berliner, age 55 years and 9 months, professor of English and Russian, already the mother of 12 children (5 girls and 7 boys) ages 34 to 13 years – Antje (♀) 34, Best latina dating app (♀) 31, Bjarne (♂) 30, Torben (♂) 27, Lieven (♂) 25, Tjard (♂) 24, Inken (♀) 23, Svea (♀) 20, Lennart (♂) 19, Velten (♂) 18, Ingvar (♂) 17, and Auda (♀) 13, all with Nordic names to be distinct from those of her students, born of five different fathers, and grandmother of six grandchildren ages 16 years to 6 months, gave birth, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, in late October 2005, in Berlin, Germany, to a daughter, Lelia, her 13th child, conceived naturally. Shortly before this last delivery, online dating penfriends had to flee with her six cadets children still living at home, in Hungary, where is born her last grandson.[190][191] In May 2015, Raunigk gave birth to quadruplets at age 65 after IVF with donated eggs.[192] 66 years April 1999 Harriet StoleRoss Stoll, her son (gestational surrogate) Postmenopausal IVF treatment with her daughter-in-law's oocytes (gestational surrogate) United Kingdom Harriet What dating sites are really free? of Southgate, North London gave birth to a son, Henry Thomas, in April unique user names for dating app at age 66 after agreeing to be a surrogate mother for her infertile daughter in-law (Lucy Handerson Stole). Lucy and her husband- Harriet's son (Ross Stole) had an egg fertilized and later implanted into the womb of Harriet. The child was born prematurely at 8 months, weighing 4 pounds 5 oz, but survived and is healthy.[193] 66 years March 2007 UnidentifiedHer husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Austria An unnamed Austrian woman gave birth to her third child in early March 2007 at the age of 66 in Graz. She had previously given birth to another child, a girl weighing 6 lb (2.72 kg), in the middle of December 2002 at the age of 61. Her oldest child- a daughter, is 30. Both pregnancies over 60 were made possible by IVF with oocytes donation. The second was overseen by Severino Antinori. This may be the only known case in the world of two pregnancies and births at over age 60.[153] 66 years May 2009 Elizabeth AdeneyUkrainian anonymous sperm donor Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation United Kingdom Elizabeth "Lizzie" Adeney, aged 66, gave birth to a 5 lb 3oz son, Jolyon, in Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, England, on May 28, 2009, becoming Britain's oldest mother. The child, who was conceived through IVF treatment in Ukraine from oocyte and sperm donations, was delivered by Caesarean section.[194] 66 years February 2011 Valentyna PidverbnaAnonymous sperm donor Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Ukraine Valentyna Pidverbna, unmarried woman, aged 66, gave birth to her first child, a girl weighing 3.3 kg and being 54 cm height in Chernihiv, Ukraine in February 2011. She underwent three cycles of IVF treatment to achieve positive results.[195] 66 years March 2012 UnidentifiedAnonymous Ukrainian sperm single donor Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Switzerland 66-year-old Swiss Protestant pastor living in Grüsh, near Coire, in the eastern canton of Graubuenden gave birth to two boys, Michael & Joshua by Caesarean section on March 3, 2012, after receiving IVF treatment with eggs and sperm donor in Ukraine.[196] 66 years June 2010 Bhateri Devi SinghDeva Singh, her 64-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation India Bhateri Devi, previously childless Indian woman, gave birth to triplets, two boys and a girl, in Alewa, Haryana, North of Delhi, at the age of 66, after IVF treatment with oocytes donation. One of the triplets died some days after the birth.[197] As of October 2014, Devi was still alive.[198] 66 years, 7 months, 16 days January 2005 Adriana IliescuAnonymous sperm single donor Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Romania Adriana Iliescu, born on May 31, 1938, gave birth to a daughter Eliza Maria at a hospital in Bucharest, Romania by Caesarean section on January 16, 2005, at the age of 66 years, 7 months and 16 days. After undergoing IVF using donated eggs, Iliescu initially became pregnant with triplets, but one of the fetusesdied in utero. The other two were delivered by caesarean section, but one of them was stillborn. New York Daily News said that she was the oldest recorded woman to deliver a child until 2008 when Omkari Panwar gave birth to twins.[199] 66 years, 11 months, 24 days December 2006 Maria del Carmen Bousada de LaraTwo sperm donors selected from a catalog Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Spain Maria del Carmen Bousada de Lara called Carmela Bousada (b. January 5, 1940, d. July 11, 2009, age 69), from Cadiz, Spain, gave birth to twin sons, Pau and Christian, at Sant Pau Hospital in Barcelona, Spain, on December 29, 2006, at the age of 66 years, 11 months, and 24 days — one week before her 67th birthday. The babies were delivered prematurely by Caesarean section and weighed 3.5 lb (1.6 kg) each. M.C. Bousada became pregnant after receiving IVF treatment with oocytes donation and two sperm donors selected from a catalog from a fertility clinic in Los Angeles, California, which claims that Bousada informed them that she was 55 (their maximum age for IVF treatment). Her family was unaware that she had gone to the United States to undergo fertility treatment prior to the births, and thought she was joking when she told them she was pregnant. Manuel Bousada de Lara, Maria del Carmen's older brother, criticized her decision, expressing concern over whether she would be able to raise children at her age. In response to such concerns, Bousada stated, "My mum lived to be 101 and there's no reason I couldn't do the same".[200]

Maria died on July 11, 2009, from stomach cancer, which she developed soon after giving birth to her twins; her sons were only 2 ½ years old then.[201]

68 years April 2020 Margaret AdenugaNoah Adenuga, her 77-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Nigeria Margaret Adenuga went through three previous IVF procedures before finally having twins. The babies were delivered via caesarian section at 37 weeks at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) but the hospital only recently made the news public to give the first-time mother time to recuperate.[202] 68 years February 2022 Lyn MayMarkos D1, her 29-year-old boyfriend Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation Mexico On August 8, 2021, Mexican actress Lyn May announced that she was expecting a child with 29-year-old boyfriend Markos D1.[203] 70 years June 2008 Omkari PanwarCharan Singh Panwar, her 77-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation India Omkari Panwar gave birth to twins, a boy and a girl, in Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, via emergency Caesarean section, on June 27, 2008, at the age of 70. The babies weighed 2 pounds each. Omkari became pregnant through IVF treatment with a single oocytes donor, process which she and her husband pursued in order to produce a male heir. Omkari has two adult daughters and five grandchildren. However, Omkari does not have a birth certificate, her age has been estimated by her claim that she was 9 years old when the British Raj left India in 1947. In response to hearing that she had possibly broken the record for world's oldest mother, Omkari stated, "If I am the world's oldest mother it means nothing to me. I just want to see my new babies and care for them while I am still able."[199] 70 years November 2008 Rajo Devi LohanBaba Ral "Ballo" Lohan, her 71-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation India Rajo Devi Lohan gave birth to a daughter, Naveen, at the age of 70.[204][205] Lohan's health soon deteriorated and nearly died due to complications following childbirth. As of October 2014, Lohan and her husband were still alive.[198] 72 alt right women dating asian men April 2016 Daljinder KaurMohinder Singh Gill, her 79-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation India Daljinder Kaur gave birth to a son, Arman, on April 19, 2016, after nearly five decades of marriage and two unsuccessful IVF tries. Kaur stated her age as 70 at the time of birth, but the clinic where she had IVF treatments stated she was 72.[206] 72 – 75 years October 2019 Prabha DeviHer 80-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation India Prabha Devi gave birth to a daughter in October 2019. She stated her age as 75 at the time of birth but she couldn't verify it as the couple didn't furnish their age-related documents. Doctors said she looked between 72 and 75.[207] 74 years September 2019 Mangayamma YaramatiSitarama Rajarao, her 82-year-old husband Postmenopausal IVF treatment with oocytes donation India [208]
Источник: [https://torrent-igruha.org/3551-portal.html]

Abstract

I use hazard regression methods to examine how the age difference between spouses affects their survival. In many countries, the age difference between spouses at marriage has remained relatively stable for several decades. In Denmark, men are, on average, about three years older than the women they marry. Previous studies of the age gap between spouses with respect to mortality found that having a younger spouse is beneficial, while having an older spouse is detrimental for one’s own survival. Most of the observed effects could not be explained satisfactorily until now, mainly because of methodological drawbacks and insufficiency of the data. The most common explanations refer to selection effects, caregiving in later life, and some positive psychological and sociological effects of having a younger spouse. The present study extends earlier work by using longitudinal Danish register data that include the entire history of key demographic events of the whole population from 1990 onward. Controlling for confounding factors such as education and wealth, results suggest that having a younger spouse is beneficial for men but detrimental for women, while having an older spouse is detrimental for both sexes.

In recent years, the search for a single determinant of lifespan, such as a single gene or the decline of a key body system, has been superseded by a new view (Weinert and Timiras 2003). Lifespan is now seen as an outcome of complex processes with causes and consequences in all areas of life, in which different factors affect the individual lifespan simultaneously. Today’s standard of knowledge is that about 25% of the variation of the human lifespan can be attributed to genetic factors and about 75% can be attributed to nongenetic factors (Herskind et al. 1996). Research focusing on nongenetic determinants of lifespan has suggested that socioeconomic status, education, and smoking and drinking behavior have a major impact on individual survival (e.g., Christensen and Vaupel 1996). Mortality of individuals is also affected by characteristics of their partnerships. Partnership, as a basic principle of human society, represents one of the closest relationships individuals experience during their lifetimes. Regarding predictors of their mortality, partners usually share many characteristics, such as household size, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, financial situation, number of children, and quality of the relationship, but several factors might affect partners differently—for example, education and social status. A factor that might influence partners in different ways is the age gap between them.

BACKGROUND

To describe age dissimilarities between spouses, three different theoretical concepts have evolved over recent decades. The most common concept is homogamy or assortative mating, which presumes that people, predisposed through cultural conditioning, seek out and marry others like themselves. One assumption is that a greater 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman gap is associated with a higher marital instability. A further prominent concept is marriage squeeze, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman states that the supply and demand of partners forces the individuals to broaden or narrow the age range of acceptable partners. A third and less common concept is the double standard of aging, which assumes that men are generally less penalized for aging than women. This assumption is supported by a greater frequency of partnerships of older men with younger women and much more variability in men’s age at marriage than in women’s (Berardo, Appel, and Berardo 1993).

The age difference between spouses at marriage has remained relatively stable for several decades in many countries, a fact that was described by Klein (1996) as an almost historical pattern. An example for such a stable pattern is shown in Figure 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman. It shows that, considering all marriages, Danish men are, on average, three years older at the time of their marriage than free dating site for singles. If only first marriages are considered, the gap between the sexes is a little smaller. While the mean age at marriage increased by about six years during the twentieth century, especially since the end of the 1960s, the age difference between the sexes increased only slowly in the first 50 years of the twentieth century and started to decrease again in the second half of the century. Today, the difference between the mean age at marriage of Danish men and women is only slightly smaller than it was at the beginning of the twentieth century.

At the same time, marriage behavior in Denmark changed dramatically in nearly all other aspects, especially because cohabitation without marriage and divorce became more widespread. In 1901, the Danish Statistical Office counted 376 divorces. From then on, the number of divorces increased steadily and reached its peak in 2004 with 15,774 registered divorces. This increase in the number of divorces as an alternative to end a marriage is important because it reflects dramatic changes in the way marriages are dissolved. Until the early 1920s, more than 90% of all marriages in Denmark were dissolved by the death of one of the spouses. This proportion decreased with time. Today, only about 55% of all marriages are dissolved by the death of a spouse, and about 45% end in divorce.

Generally, most marriages that are dissolved by the death of one of the spouses end by the death of the husband. This is a universal pattern because men are not only older at the time of marriage but also die younger as compared with women (Luy 2002). At the beginning of the twentieth century, about 58% of all Danish marriages dissolved by death ended due to the death of the husband, and about 42% ended by the death of the wife. In the course of the twentieth century, Danish life expectancy increased for both sexes but rose more quickly for women. 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman the difference in life expectancy between the sexes at age 18 was about 2.5 years in 1900, it was about 4.3 years in 2005 (Human Mortality Database 2008). This increase led to an increase of about 10% in the proportion of marriages that were dissolved by the death of the husband. Today, about two-thirds of all marriages that are dissolved by 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman end due to the death of the husband, and only one-third end by the death of the wife.

Studies considering the impact of age differences between the partners on their mortality are rare and relatively dated. Rose and Benjamin (1971) made one of the first attempts to quantify the influence of a spousal age gap on men’s longevity. The authors found a correlation between longevity and having a younger wife, which was the 13th highest among all 69 variables they studied in their analysis.

The first study that considered the impact of an age gap on bad girls dating sexes was conducted by Fox, Bulusu, and Kinlen (1979). The authors concluded that “conformity to the social norm, of the man being older than his wife, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, is associated with relatively lower mortality for both parties,” while differences from this norm, especially if they are extreme, lead to higher mortality (p. 126). They speculated that this pattern might be driven by the different characteristics of those who form these unusual partnerships.

In the 1980s, two studies provided further insights into this topic. Foster, Klinger-Vartabedian, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman Wispé (1984) studied the effect of age differences on male mortality, and Klinger-Vartabedian and Wispé (1989) focused on females. Both studies used the same data and generally supported earlier findings. They conceded that results regarding larger age gaps should be interpreted with caution, mainly due to insufficient data. Because the direction of the observed effects were about the same, Foster et al. (1984) and Klinger-Vartabedian and Wispé (1989) drew similar conclusions. The first possible explanation, that healthier or more active individuals are selected by younger men or women, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, was already mentioned by Fox et al. (1979). Such individuals would have lived longer whomever they married because physical vitality and health usually coincides with an increased longevity. Another possible outcome of selection is that physical needs are better taken care of in later life for persons married to younger spouses. The second possible explanation refers to spousal interaction. It is speculated that there might be something psychologically, sociologically, or physiologically beneficial about a relationship with a younger spouse. Furthermore, it could be that intimate involvement with a younger spouse enlivens anybody’s chances for a longer life, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman. This explanation directly refers to psychological determinants of mortality such as social and interpersonal influences, happiness, self-concept, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, and social status.

The major drawbacks of all these studies are that their data were limited to five-year age groups, that the authors did not include any information about additional variables (such as duration of the marriage), and that they were limited to married couples. The missing information on the duration of the marriage could lead to a selection bias because it is uncertain whether the marriages in the samples were of sufficient duration to allow for any effects on mortality. Foster et al. (1984) stated that an unobserved significant relationship between marriage duration and age of the spouse could question the generality of the observed mortality differentials.

In two more-recent publications, historical data were used to identify a mortality pattern by the age of a spouse. Williams and Durm (1998) basically replicated the results of the studies mentioned earlier, but their study also faced the same limitations. Kemkes-Grottenthaler (2004) used a set of 2,371 family-related entries dating from 1688 to 1921 from two neighboring parishes in Germany. She showed that the mortality differentials were not only determined by the age gap itself but were also affected by several covariates, such as socioeconomic status and reproductive output. Regarding socioeconomic status, she found that age heterogamy was much more prevalent in upper classes. In contrast, the reviews of Berardo et al. (1993) and Atkinson and Glass (1985) concluded that age heterogamy was more common among lower classes and not more common among the more highly educated. However, although findings are mixed, research indicates that confounding factors like socioeconomic status are of critical importance for the analysis of the mortality differentials attributable to the age gap between spouses.

In sum, previous research found that having a younger spouse is beneficial, while having an older spouse is detrimental for the survival chances of the target person. Most of the observed effects could not be explained satisfactorily until now, mainly because of methodological drawbacks and insufficiency of the data. The most common explanations refer to health selection effects, caregiving in later life, and some positive psychological and sociological effects.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES

In this section, I develop some hypotheses about the relationship between the spousal age gap and the risk of dying. In my model, exposure to risk of mortality depends on the individual’s own resources, those of their spouse, and their gender. Previous limitations are addressed by using detailed Danish register data in a time-dependent framework using hazard regression.

For men, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, the findings regarding the age gap to the spouse are relatively consistent: namely, that male mortality increases when the wife is older and decreases when the wife is younger. Previous research also indicated that mortality by the age gap to the spouse differs between the sexes, but none of the authors proposed reasons for this effect (Kemkes-Grottenthaler 2004; Williams and Durm 1998). The most common explanations of mortality differences by age gap to the spouse—health selection, caregiving in later life, and positive psychological effects of having a younger spouse—do not suggest large differences between the sexes. Thus, I hypothesize a similar pattern for women: namely, that the chance of dying increases when 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman husband is older and decreases when the husband is younger.

I also hypothesize that the duration of marriage has an impact on the mortality differentials by the age gap to the spouse. Previous studies speculated that marriages should be of sufficient duration to allow for any effects on mortality. This reasoning 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman that the mortality advantage of individuals who are younger than their spouses should not be observable in marriages of short duration.

In addition, I analyze the impact of socioeconomic status. Previous research (e.g., 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, Kemkes-Grottenthaler 2004) indicated that the frequency of age heterogamy differs by social class. Generally, more highly educated persons and individuals with greater wealth are known to experience lower mortality, but no study has analyzed whether these socioeconomic variables might have an impact on the survival differentials by the age gap to the spouse. If the frequency of age heterogamy differs by social class, it could partially explain these survival differentials. Thus, I hypothesize that the socioeconomic characteristics of the target person and his or her spouse will change the effect of the age gap to the spouse on the target person’s mortality.

Previous research has argued that social norms and cultural background can explain the mortality differentials. Although Denmark is known to be a very homogeneous country, it is likely that social norms may differ between Danish and non-Danish as well as between rural and urban areas. Thus, I hypothesize that mortality by age gap to the spouse might differ by place of residence and by citizenship of the target person.

DATA AND METHODS

Data

Denmark is among the countries with the most sophisticated administration systems worldwide (Eurostat 1995). All persons living in Denmark have a personal identification number that is assigned at birth or at the time of immigration. This personal identification was a crucial part of the 1968 Population Registration Act, which introduced a computerized Central Population Register. This register serves as the source register for almost all major administrative systems in Denmark, which means that most registers can free dating near worcester ma linked by using the personal identification number. Today, many different authorities maintain about 2,800 public personal registers on almost all aspects of life. While the majority of these registers are administrative, a small proportion can be used for statistical or research purposes. Generally, the Danish registers are considered a source of detailed and exact information with a very low percentage of missing data. For this study, individual-level data from five different registers are linked with one another through the personal identification number. An overview of registers that are used for this analysis is shown in Table 1.

Table 1.

Registers and Variables That Are Used in This Analysis

Name of RegisterVariables
Family RegisterSex, date of birth, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, marital status, personal identification number of the partner, citizenship, municipality of residence
Register of DeathsDate of death
Migration RegisterDate of migration, type of migration
Education RegisterHighest achieved educational degree
Income RegisterWealth

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The register extract I use here covers the period between 1990 and 2005. The information from the Register of Deaths and the Migration Register are given on a daily basis, meaning that the exact day of the event is known. The information from the Family Register, the Education Register and the Income Register is only updated annually, which means that the data are based on the individual’s status at January 1 of each year during the observation period.

The variables personal identification number of the partner, wealth, municipality of residence, and citizenship were coded as time-varying covariates. The covariate age gap to the spouse is also time-varying but was computed from existing variables. The variable sex is a time-constant covariate by nature, while education was assumed to be time-constant despite its inherently time-varying nature. My data set includes only people aged 50 and over. At these advanced ages, education is unlikely to change, so this approach should give approximately the same results. The remaining variables, marital status, date of migration, and type of migration, as well as date of birth and date of death, were used to define the time periods under risk.

The base population of my analysis is all married people aged 50 years and older living in Denmark between January 1, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, 1990, and December 31, 2005. There are three ways for individuals to enter the study: (1) being married and 50 years old or older on January 1, 1990; (2) being married and becoming 50 years old between January 2, 1990, and December 31, 2005; and (3) immigrating to Denmark between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2005, and being married, and being 50 years or older.

There are five possible ways to exit the study: (1) dying between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2005; (2) divorcing between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2005; (3) becoming widowed between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2005; (4) being alive on December 31, 2005; and (5) emigrating from Denmark between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2005.

Methods

I apply hazard regression models to examine the influence of the age gap to the spouse on the individual’s mortality. Hazard regression, also called event-history analysis or survival analysis, represents the most suitable analytical framework for studying the time-to-failure distribution of events of individuals over their life course. The general proportional hazards regression model is expressed by

(1)

where h(t X1,…,Xk) is the hazard rate for individuals with characteristics X1,…,Xk at time t, h0(t) the baseline hazard at time t, and βj, j = 1,…,k, are the estimated coefficients of the model.

Since the failure event in our analysis is the death of the individual, the baseline hazard of our model h0(t) is age, measured as time since the 50th birthday. It is assumed to follow a Gompertz distribution, defined as

h0(t) = exp(γt)exp(β0), 

(2)

where γ and β0 are ancillary parameters that control the shape of the baseline hazard. The Gompertz distribution, proposed by Benjamin Gompertz in 1825, has been widely used by demographers to model human mortality data. The exponentially increasing hazard of the Gompertz distribution is a useful approximation for ages between 30 and 95. For younger ages, mortality tends to differ from the exponential curve due to infant and accident mortality. For advanced ages, the increase in the risk of death tends to decelerate so that the Gompertz model overestimates mortality at these ages (Thatcher, Kannisto, and Vaupel 1998). I assume that the impact of this deceleration on my results is negligible because the number of married people over age 95 is extremely low.

The research plan was to test whether the age difference between the spouses affected both sexes in the same way, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman. Therefore, all regression models were calculated for females and males separately. It should be noted that the male and female models do not necessarily include the same individuals. If both spouses are aged 50 or older, a couple is included in all models. If only the husband is 50 years or older, a couple is included only in the male models. Correspondingly, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, a couple is only included in the female models if the wife is 50 years or older and the husband is 49 years or younger.

RESULTS

In total, 1,845,956 married individuals aged 50 and older are included in the data set; 958,997 of them are male, 886,959 female. The distribution of all persons in the data set by age gap to the spouse is presented in Figure 2. It shows that most men are between two and three years older than their wives, while most women are two years younger than their husbands.

Approximately 75% of 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman married men aged 50 and over are married to women who are more than one year younger than themselves; only 10% of all men are at least one year younger than their wives. In contrast, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, the majority of married women (65%) aged 50 years and over are married to men who are older than themselves, and only 15% have a spouse who is more than one year younger.

Table 2 gives descriptive information on all covariates. It shows the distribution of time at risk measured in days for men and women. In total, I observed 3,271 million person-days for men and 2,907 million person-days for women. The proportion of missing information is highest for duration of marriage, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman. This is because the date of marriage is unknown for all couples who married before January 1, 1990, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman. These couples were assigned to the category unknown for 1,000 days when entering the study population and to the category ≥ 1,000 days thereafter. A large number of missing values is also found for the variables highest achieved education and highest achieved education of the spouse, with the proportion missing data increasing for older cohorts. I find no indication that this effect influenced the outcome of the regression models.

Table 2.

Distribution of Time at Risk for Men and Women

CovariateMenWomen
Duration of Marriage
  Unknown15.9215.76
  < 1,000 days1.551.16
  ≥ 1,000 days82.5383.08
  All100.00100.00
Period
  1990–199429.3770 year old man dating 55 year old woman colspan="1">29.09
  1995–199931.1931.10
  2000–200539.4439.81
  All100.00100.00
Highest Achieved Education
  Low32.4248.12
  Medium37.3128.55
  High16.8013.28
  Unknown13.4710.05
  All100.00100.00
Wealth in Danish Krones
  < 017.5718.12
  > 0 and ≤ 100,00017.5344.09
  > 100,00064.4730.81
  0 interracial dating difficulties Unknown0.436.98
  All100.00100.00
Highest Achieved Education of the Spouse
  Low47.1532.21
  Medium29.5735.98
  High14.1716.10
  Unknown9.1215.71
  All100.00100.00
Residential Area
  Copenhagen84.8184.47
  Remaining Denmark15.1915.53
  All100.00100.00
Citizenship
  Danish98.4098.41
  Non-Danish1.601.59
  All100.00100.00

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In the following paragraphs, I present the results of four estimated hazard regression models. For men, the relative risk of dying by the age gap to the spouse and the standard errors of the fourth model are shown in Figure 3. The corresponding results for women are shown in Figure 4, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman. Both figures consist of four separate curves showing the relative risk of dying by age gap to the spouse. The reference category, pisces woman dating by a dotted vertical line, includes all persons who are less than one year younger or older than their spouses. The part of each curve to the left of the reference category relates to individuals with older spouses, the right part relates to individuals with younger spouses. I show only the standard errors of the fourth model because they were virtually the same for all four models. For both sexes, the results of the additional covariates are presented in Table 3.

Table 3.

Effect of the Additional Covariates on the Hazard of Mortality

CovariateMen
Women
Model 2Model 3Model 4Model 2Model 3Model 4
Duration of Marriage
  Unknown0.78*** (0.018)0.78*** (0.018)0.76*** (0.018)0.79*** (0.029)0.74*** (0.028)0.75*** (0.028)
  < 1,000 days111111
  ≥ 1,000 days0.77*** (0.017)0.89*** (0.020)0.87*** (0.020)0.80*** (0.029)0.79*** (0.028)0.80*** (0.029)
Period
  1990–19941.09*** (0.007)1.07*** (0.007)1.07*** (0.007)1.07*** (0.010)1.00 (0.010)1.00 (0.010)
  1995–1999111111
  2000–20050.85*** (0.004)0.86*** (0.005)0.86*** (0.005)0.87*** (0.006)0.95*** (0.007)0.95*** (0.007)
Highest Achieved Education
  Low1.07*** (0.007)1.04*** (0.007)1.13*** (0.010)1.12*** (0.011)
  Medium1111
  High0.83*** (0.007)0.87*** (0.008)0.86*** (0.013)0.89*** (0.014)
Wealth
  Low1.39*** (0.010)1.39*** (0.010)1.18*** (0.012)1.18*** (0.012)
  Medium11
  High0.58*** (0.003)0.57*** (0.003)0.64*** (0.005)0.64*** (0.005)
Highest Achieved Education of the Spouse
  Low1.08*** (0.007)1.05*** (0.010)
  Medium11
  High0.88*** (0.009)0.91*** (0.012)
Residential Area
  Copenhagen0.97*** (0.005)1.12*** (0.009)
  Remaining Denmark11
Citizenship
  Danish1.29*** (0.028)1.19*** (0.038)
  Non-Danish11
Constant–16.34–16.52–16.79–16.56–16.52–16.70
Gamma0.000280.000290.000300.000270.000270.00027

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As a first step, I estimated a model (Model 1) that allowed me online dating asking if photos are current replicate the results of previous studies by including age gap to the spouse as sole covariate. Thus, this model controls only for the age of the target person and age gap to the spouse.

Figure 3 shows that the risk of dying in men decreases as the age gap increases. The younger the wife is compared with her spouse, the lower the mortality of the husband; the older the wife is compared with her spouse, the higher the mortality of the husband. Compared with the reference category, an excess mortality of more than 30% can be found in married men who are more than 7 years but less than 17 years 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman than their wives. Married men who are more than 15 years but less than 17 years older have a chance of dying that is 4% lower.

Figure 4 shows that, similar to that of men, female mortality is higher if the wife is younger than her husband. Women who are more than 7 years but less than 17 years younger have an excess mortality of about 10%. In contrast to the pattern for men, women also have an elevated risk of dying when they are older than their spouses. Compared with the reference category, an excess mortality of 40% is observed in women who are more than 15 years but less than 17 years older than their spouses. The lowest risk of dying is found in women who are about the same age as their husbands, which is the reference category.

These first results provide strong evidence that the age difference between the spouses affects individual survival chances. It also shows that the effects are substantially different between the sexes. Next, in Models 2, 3, and 4, I examine the impact of the age gap to the spouse in the presence of additional covariates.

Previous research had no information on the duration of marriage, which could lead to a possible selection bias. Model 2, which includes duration of marriage, allows me to test for the confounding effect of duration of marriage. A comparison of the coefficient for the age gap to the spouse in Model 1 and Model 2 shows that including the measure of marriage duration does not change the coefficients for the age gap to the spouse, suggesting that duration of marriage does not account for the mortality differences of age-discrepant marriages. In results not shown here, I tested an additional model that included an interaction between age gap to the spouse and duration of marriage. None of the combinations between the two variables were statistically significant (at the .01 level).

In Model 3 of Table 3, I test the hypothesis that socioeconomic status affects the mortality differentials by the age gap to the spouse. This model includes measures of the target person’s highest educational degree and wealth as well as the variables already included in Model 2. The results show that both socioeconomic variables are important predictors of survival differences. Individuals with low education or low wealth face higher mortality rates. Comparing the relative risk by age gap to the spouse in Model 3 with the relative risk by age gap to the spouse in Model 2 reveals that holding the socioeconomic variables constant changes the effects for both sexes. For men, adding these measures to the model reduces the relative risk of dying when they are younger than their wives, but it increases the survival advantage when they are older than their wives. For women, adding measures of socioeconomic status has virtually no impact when they are younger than their husbands but slightly increases the chance of dying when they are older than their husbands. In results not shown best dating profile pics for men, I tested another model that included an interaction between the socioeconomic variables and the age gap to the spouse. One of the combinations was statistically significant (at the .01 level): men with high wealth and who are older than their wives experienced a significantly elevated risk of dying of about 5%. All remaining combinations between the variables were not statistically significant (at the .01 level).

Finally, I investigate the effect of the remaining variables residential area, citizenship, and highest achieved education of the spouse, which are introduced into the analysis in Model 4 of Table 3. In this model, I wanted to test the assumption that cultural differences and social norms—represented by the two variables residential area and citizenship—account for some of the differences in the hazard of mortality by the age gap to the spouse. Again, comparing the free dating sites in hong kong risk by age gap to the spouse in Model 4 with the relative risk by age gap to the spouse in Model 3 reveals differences by sex. For men, the hazard of mortality increases when they are younger than their wives and decreases further when they are older than their wives. In contrast, the hazard of mortality for women does not change for women who are younger than their husbands but decreases considerably for women who are older than their husbands.

DISCUSSION

The present study addresses an underdeveloped research area. Using Danish population data, I used hazard regression methods to exploit 15 years of age-specific data to investigate the effect of the age difference between the spouses on the individual’s survival. I showed for the first time that survival differences by age gap to the partner are not limited to extreme cases but are statistically significant for small age differences. Individuals who are about one to three years older than their spouses have a significantly different survival rate than individuals who are up to one year older or younger than their spouses.

My hypothesis that the effect would be the same in men and women receives no support from these analyses. My results suggest that having a younger spouse is beneficial for men but detrimental for women. It also shows that controlling for additional covariates affects the pattern for men substantially, while it has very little effect for women. The first possible reason for sex differences could be differences in health selection. The selection hypothesis argues that healthier individuals are able to attract younger partners. Therefore, married people who are older than their spouses should experience a lower mortality. It was also proposed in the literature that a younger spouse is somehow beneficial in terms of health care support as well as in some positive psychological and sociological ways. Both arguments should hold for both sexes similarly. The sex differences could indicate that health selection is weaker in women. Women are much less likely to marry a younger husband, which suggests that exceptionally healthy women are less able than their male counterparts to attract a younger partner. However, future analysis should include health indicators to investigate the pathway of a possible health selection in more detail.

A second reason for sex differences by age differences to the spouse is related to social support. A large body of research has found that women have generally more social contacts than men. This suggests that women are probably less dependent on the health support and social support of a younger spouse than are men, which means that a younger spouse would be less beneficial for women’s survival than for the survival of men.

In most marriages, men are older than their wives, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman. Given my results, this composition favors men. Thus, the age gap between the spouses may in part explain why marriage is more beneficial for men than for women. 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman results also suggest that the possible selection bias caused by an insufficient length of partnership is of no importance in explaining the effects of the survival differences by the age gap to the spouse.

Previous research has suggested that selection and discrepancy from the social norm cause the mortality difference by the age gap to the spouse. This explanation was proposed in the 1970s, when social norms for mating behavior in general and especially for the age difference between partners were probably much stronger than today. My investigation supports this explanation for men but not for women. If social norms for the age gap to the spouse were the driving force of the observed mortality differentials, female mortality could be assumed to be lowest at ages where women are a few years younger than their spouses. Here, I find that mortality in women is lowest when a woman is the same age as her husband and increases with increasing age discrepancy.

I extend previous research of this area in several aspects. First, I apply a longitudinal approach. By using the Danish registers, it is possible to track all individuals from the date of their marriage until their date of death and to incorporate all life events—such as the death of the spouse, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman, a divorce, or a remarriage—into the analysis of events within the observed period. The longitudinal approach avoids some of the drawbacks of earlier studies.

Another limitation of previous research that I overcame in this study is the age grouping into five-year age groups. Because of the age grouping in earlier studies, each of the spouse-age-difference intervals covered an eight-year period. Spouses who were stated as being in the same age group could differ plus or minus four years, while the difference for an individual who is married to a spouse in the neighboring age group varies from one to nine years. Thus, the age groups are not only wide but also overlapping. In my data set, the exact date of birth is known for every individual; thus, age and the age gap to the spouse are measured in days.

A further extension of previous research is also related to the data set. My study uses population data/register data, not samples as were used in previous research, to test these hypotheses. I was thus able to avoid many problems related to sampling methods while substantially increasing the statistical power.

It can be concluded that the driving force of the observed mortality differences by the age gap to the spouse remain unclear. Further research is necessary using models that test for additional multiplicative effects as well as for unobserved heterogeneity. A short coming of this study is that it does not include any behavioral or psychological aspects of the married couple because the data came from administrative registers. Future research should point in this direction as it is assumed to be of importance to account better for social values and norms as well as certain behavioral aspects.

Further research directions are of possible interest. In general, the age gap to the partner should affect the survival chances of members in all kinds of longtime partnerships between two individuals. Due to data limitations, studies, including the present one, have had to focus eye catching headlines for dating sites married couples exclusively. In a next step, it might be of interest to know whether the effects of the age gap to the partner can also be observed in longtime cohabiting couples or other kinds of partnerships, especially in same-sex couples. The Danish data that are now available permit such analyses.

Acknowledgments

This work was conducted at the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock. I would also like to thank the Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense. I am especially grateful to James 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman. Vaupel for his support and guidance and Heiner Maier for his helpful comments on this manuscript, 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman. A previous version of this manuscript was presented at the 2008 annual meeting of the Population Association of America in New Orleans, LA.

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8 Things to Know Before Dating an Older Man

When it comes to dating, age is just one among many factors to consider as you seek your match. We bring all of our prior life experience to any relationship we enter, so how much does it matter that one person's history is years (or decades) longer than the other's? Here, two experts weigh in on the benefits of dating an older man, as well as the potential drawbacks.

Dating an older man in your 20s and 30s is much different than dating one in your 40s, 50s, and 60s.

While an older man dating a younger woman tends to raise less eyebrows than a woman's romance with a younger man, the dynamic isn't exactly stigma-free—particularly when the age gap is significant. When a young woman named Courtney Thornton (née Barber) took flak both online and off in 2016 for falling in love with a man 25 years her senior, she started the hashtag #husbandnotdad to encourage others in the same boat to share their stories. Three years later, search #husbandnotdad on Instagram and you'll find a collection of smiling couples; on Twitter, the same hashtag's happy photos are interspersed with searingly critical comments, which arguably confirms Thornton's point.

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When women over 40 find themselves drawn to someone who's older, they are less of a target for those who cry 'daddy issues.' "In your fifties or sixties, most women are independent and financially stable," says Charly Lester, co-founder and CMO of Lumen, a dating app for people over 50. "They're less likely to experience the same judgments and stereotypes if they decide to date an older man at this age."

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A range of generation gap-related issues (more on those below) can be easier to bridge when you're over 40 as well. "The older you get, the less of a challenge it's likely to pose," Lester continues. "In terms of life experience and maturity, an age gap at 50 or 60 isn't particularly dramatic."

An older man who's worthy of your time knows what he wants in a relationship.

Stability, a strong sense of self, and advancement 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman his career are things older men can potentially bring to the table more often than a man in 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman 20s or 30s can, says Sherman. "People often ask whether an older man is more mature than a younger one," Sherman adds. "It depends upon the individual and their development and history. That said, extra years of life experience do often lead to greater maturity in relationships, and more life wisdom."

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A woman in her 40s or older has plenty of hard-won lessons and accomplishments of her own to tout, of course. She just might love getting involved with a person who's on equally-solid ground (and has been there for awhile).

With kids out of the nest, an older man may have more time for you.

Maybe you're dating after a divorce, and you're a single mom who needs to carve out the time for a love life. A man who's already been married and raised kids has no carpool schedules to contend with, which can mean he's got more time to plan amazing dates. According to Lester, if you're seeing someone who is ten or more years older than you, "he's likely to have children who are less dependent on him, and have more free time—which can be particularly helpful if your kids are still more dependent."

If he's retired and you're not, relating to each other can be a challenge.

If his working days are behind him and you're still focused on a job and all online dating for men is awful ambitions, woes, and time demands that come with it, you may struggle to connect at the end of the day. "Often relationships are built on similar life experience, and the free dating sites that dont cost money between daily work and retirement can be quite a marked one," Lester explains.

Find out whether your visions for the future match up.

You two may not be picking out wedding rings at this point, but if things start getting serious, it's worth discussing what you both think your next ten-to-twenty years will look like. Do you have any further family ambitions? Are you open to traveling, or moving somewhere else?

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"Make sure that you’ve discussed important issues like whether you both want kids, and whether you can mutually support one another’s dreams and the things that make you both happy," Sherman advises. "One person may feel like their goals are winding down and the other is winding up."

You may discover some surprising cultural differences.

So he doesn't know who Cardi B is, and you don't have the same points of nostalgia—that might not bug you at all, and that's just great. But what if you start talking politics and trends, only to discover he's completely immovable in his views? It certainly depends on the individual, but "he may be very set in his ways and can appear less open-minded than younger men," Paulette warns.

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Lester agrees. "Someone who grew up twenty years before you may have different cultural references, or a less liberal approach to certain political or social topics, which can cause friction in the early days when they meet your friends and family," she says.

Your communication habits may be different.

Or, you know, they might not be. While Sherman says an older man may prefer you to call him rather than sending a string of texts, Lester says that's not necessarily true. "In my experience with running a dating app, there are surprisingly less differences between the way a 30 year old, a 50 year old, and a 70 year old communicate. We have people in their 90s using it!"

Remember that it's about the two of you as individuals, not your age difference.

Your difference in years may elicit some unfortunate assumptions and remarks, but if you truly care about each other, stay focused on how you feel. "Try remembering the things that you love about 70 year old man dating 55 year old woman person as an individual," says Paulette Sherman, a psychotherapist and certified dating coach. "It’s important to recall why you chose your partner, and not to let outside stigma or judgments dissuade you."


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